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Sleep Apnea's Impact on Metabolism and Obesity Assignment Sample
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Metabolic activities are directly or it has indirectly influenced by the pattern of sleep. The selected articles summarize that there is a b relationship between sleep apnea as well as obesity. Class 3 obesity is described which is caused by factors like genetic factors and lifestyle followed by individuals. Metabolic disease like obesity is characterized by an increased rate of body mass index or BMI, hypertension, heart disease as well as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This type of condition like OSA is responsible for the loss of the upper part of the airway (Kobuch et al. 2021). This in turn results in hyperpnoea as well as apnea that lead to the subsequent waking from sleep. Obesity is the major problem for OSA and loss in weight can bring about a reduction in the symptoms of OSA. The program of weight management plays a significant role in assessing the relationship between the usage of CRAP as well as OSA. Evidence shows that loss of sleep, as well as sleeps disorders, have a negative impact on the metabolic activities of the body (Bakaloudi et al. 2021). Deprivation of sleep brings about a change in the glucose metabolism of the body leading to obesity and disturbing the regulation of hormones.
Poor sleep pattern decreases the level of leptin and brings about an increase in the level of ghrelin. Considerably less amount of sleep leads to the disruption of the circadian rhythm. This in turn might lead to the cause of weight gain or obesity. OSA diagnosis is made using the screening tools like Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) as well as polysomnography.OSA affect and reduces the stimulation of growth hormone thereby altering the proportion of fats as well as muscles. It leads to the disposition of the number of fats in the body. Patients suffering from OSA affect the pathogenesis of obesity leading to sleepiness during the daytime. As opined by King et al. (2020), this, in turn, reduces the rate of physical activity in the body. The article clearly summarizes that deprivation of sleep affects the satiety hormones and changes the activity of the brain. Deprivation of sleep disturbs the equilibrium of hormones (Moreno et al. 2021). It is seen that people who have increased their duration of intake of sleep have gained a certain amount of fats in the body. It affects the biochemical processes going on in the body.
Analysis of each section of the article
Sleep deprivation affects the normal functioning of the body. The selected articles provide a brief explanation of obesity. This section makes it clear that deprivation of sleep leads to class 3obesity. The background section of the article analyzes the factors that lead to the problem of OSA. Lifestyle activities can bring about a change in the pattern of sleep leading to OSA (Kobuch et al. 2021). Class 3obesity which is caused by OSA might bring about an increase in the rate of BMI greater than that of 40kg/m2. This section analyzes the problems that are linked with problems like an increase in the rate of mortality. Class 3obesity is linked to associate with the cause of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It shows the relationship between obesity, OSA as well as T2DM that are influenced by the pattern of sleep. Similarly, as referred by Bonham et al. (2018), OSA is a condition that can lead to an exaggerated effect of cholesterol level rather than disturbing the metabolism of glucose in the body. Poor patterns of sleep affect the stimulation of hormones in the body. Lack of sleep affects the postprandial glucose as well as the metabolism of lipids in the body. On the other hand, as opined by Jehan et al. (2018), Sympathetic stimulation, as well as metabolic deregulation of the biochemical processes, results from the deprivation of sleep rather than obesity. The background section has the strength of showing the factors of OSA that directly leads to the problem of obesity. It points out in the main article that the key factors associated with OSA as well as obesity. As stated by Lessan (2019), deprivation of sleep leads to the problem of symptomatic diabetes in the body affecting the metabolism of glucose and leading to heart problems rather than obesity that found in primary article. The strategy for diagnosing the problem of OSA is mentioned here, which provides a brief idea of the results that are obtained. It shows the significance of the program of weight management that balances the metabolic functions in the body.
The next section of the selected article is the methodology that shows the methods incorporated to find the effects of CRAP therapy. A retrospective cohort study is done on the patients belonging to Australia as well as Sydney. The condition of OSA is studied by observing the duration as well as the pattern of sleep. Similarly, as opined by Saner et al. (2021), the CRAP therapy plays a significant role in passing air in order to prevent the blockage that occurs in the airway. The patients who participated in the study belong to the age group of over 18 years and have a BMI ranging more than 40 kg/m2. The multidisciplinary team who reviewed the participants with OSA is comprised of physiotherapists, doctors and local sleep physicians. This multidisciplinary team helps in offering CRAP therapy. In another way, Morrissey et al. (2022), states that CRAP therapy works by supplying air to the back region of the throat that allows for sound sleep. This section depicts the medical details including blood reports as well as the data involving the rate of sleep. As per findings in primary article, three groups are evaluated on the basis of the baseline ratings.
The three groups include patients with OSA who are given the CRAP therapy, Patients without OSA as well as patients with OSA who are not given the CRAP therapy. In similar way, Guscoth et al. (2021) states that lower level of cholesterol decreases the symptoms of OSA. The article has the key strengths of opting for varied scales as well as CRAP therapy for diagnosing patients suffering from sleep apnea. SPSS tools are used for finding out ANOVA as well as chi square value. RAP therapy plays a significant role in allowing the patients to have a sound sleep without waking up in between sleep. Similarly, as referred by El Halal et al. (2019), the participants with CRAP therapy showed significant improvement in their sleep patterns. Participants who were deprived of CRAP therapy suffered from hypertension as well as cardiovascular diseases because of obesity and sleep apnea.
The result section of the selected article shows the effects of CRAP therapy on patients suffering from OSA.CRAP therapy seemed to be effective in lowering the level of type 2 diabetes in the participants at the baseline. A total of 178 participants were taken for conducting the CRAP therapy. A total of 112 patients had completed the program of weight management for a period of 12 months. Around 63.1 % of the participants were suffering from OSA. The weight management program proved to be significant in controlling the weight gain suffering from OSA. The shortcoming of this article is that the effect of OSA on patients with obesity is not clearly mentioned in the result section.OSA, as well as obesity, are linked with the intake of food and a reduced rate of physical activity. As stated by Pan et al. (2020), OSA can lead to an increased level of cortisol production in the body rather than leading to obesity as per primary article. The patients undergoing the CRAP therapy experienced significant changes in their health conditions suffering from sleep apnea.
The CRAP therapy plays a significant role in reducing the rate of LDL cholesterol in patients. The strength of this article lies in the fact that it deals with the real world program of weight management. The challenge of this article is that it deals with a small group of patients. Adding to the challenges, the findings show that the program of weight management is for duration of twelve months (Kobuch et al. 2021). This has the drawback, as some participants might need a long period of a program in order to benefit from the program. A large group of participants might help in evaluating as well as assessing the effects of OSA on patients.
The section of the conclusion of the selected article shows that the program of weight management leads to weight loss in patients suffering from OSA. It shows that a large size of samples is required for assessing the impact of OSA on patients (Kobuch et al. 2021). Change in the activities of lifestyle as well as the kind of food taken need to be proper in order to gain a proper pattern of sleep. The effects of OSA are clearly stated in the article, which leads to the condition of obesity. The CRAP therapy plays an important role in lowering the number of fats in the body. Implementation of a proper lifestyle can significantly reduce the rate of obesity irrespective of the problem of OSA.
