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Qualitative Research Proposal PUBH5805 2023 (Semester 2) Assignment Sample

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Introduction

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Background

In dealing with communicable illnesses in rural regions, healthcare education plays a crucial role. Because modern medical facilities are sometimes inaccessible in rural areas, preventive and early intervention via education is essential. The research project intends to look at how healthcare education initiatives affect community involvement, health promotion, and awareness-raising in rural regions (Abbas, 2021). It aims to evaluate how well these initiatives are doing in lowering the prevalence of communicable illnesses and enhancing general public health impacts in rural communities that are ignored. Policies and initiatives to alleviate healthcare inequalities in these places can be informed by a comprehension of the importance of healthcare education.

Literature review

In accordance with the views of Young et. al., (2019) the management of communicable illnesses is greatly aided by health education, particularly in rural regions where the availability of resources is frequently constrained. In rural areas, efficient healthcare education initiatives have produced a number of favorable results. By educating the community about transmissible diseases as well as ways to prevent them, such programmes help to improve public health. Communities are better able to recognize early signs, implement preventative measures, and seek prompt medical attention as a consequence. In addition, healthcare education encourages community involvement, motivating people to actively participate in protecting their health. Nevertheless, Muley et al., (2020) argued that a number of variables, such as the level of instruction and availability of the instructional tools, affect how successful healthcare education is. It is imperative to deal address these issues if we are to get real results.

Yang et al., (2020) examined effective treatment of illnesses can be significantly hampered by the restricted availability to high-quality healthcare education that might exist in rural locations. In rural areas, healthcare education resources and tools cannot be easily accessible, resulting in gaps in understanding and awareness. This disparity may cause communicable illnesses to spread more rapidly by delaying evaluation and therapy. Behavioral change and preventive measures can be successfully supported by healthcare education. Schemes that promote regular hand washing and the application of insect netts, for instance, have been effective in lowering the prevalence chronic illnesses like malaria. Individuals who have access to education are more able to make choices that will safeguard both their surroundings and themselves. On the critical note, Azadnajafabad et. al., (2021) said that changing behavior is not always simple. Despite having knowledge of preventative measures, people may have difficulties in putting them into practice. Implementation of suggested practices may be hampered by logistical difficulties, cultural prejudices, or financial restrictions. For example, rural people may have trouble getting vaccinations due to distance to medical facilities, while being conscious of the value of vaccination.

Abbas (2020) described through encouraging a feeling of accountability and group effort, healthcare education improves community participation. Community may be vital in the management of disease in rural areas, where there is sometimes an absence of a healthcare infrastructure. Societies with higher levels of education are more probable to work together to plan health campaigns, provide data, and assist individuals that are afflicted by transmissible illnesses. Nonetheless, Burkle (2020) argued that involvement in the community can also encounter challenges. Cultural or societal obstacles may occasionally make it challenging for people to participate in healthcare initiatives. The achievement of educational initiatives might be hampered by opposition to new health practices or skepticism towards outside healthcare professionals.

Cupertino et. al. (2020) mentioned in their study that Individuals that get information about healthcare are better equipped to recognize early signs and access prompt medical care. Quick action is essential for averting epidemics of communicable illnesses. Campaigns for education make it easier to identify symptoms early and motivate people to seek medical help right once, which lowers the chance of transmission. On the critical note, Young et. al. (2019) said that the accessibility of healthcare services within remote areas is essential to the efficacy of early intervention. Even when people are aware of the need of early intervention, the lack of medical services or insufficient funding might make it difficult to treat transmissible illnesses promptly. It could prove difficult to track and assess the results of healthcare instruction in remote locations. Inadequate infrastructure and resources may make it more difficult to collect data and evaluate the success of programmes. As a result, it is challenging to gauge the real influence of educational activities on the control of illness. On a more negative side, it may be difficult to determine the efficacy of some healthcare education initiatives in avoiding and managing transmissible diseases because to the absence of adequate assessment methods. The evaluation of effect might be made more challenging by a discrepancy between the understanding offered and its practical use.

Dominguez et al., (2021) described rural healthcare education has significant challenges due to economic issues. People may be unable to get healthcare treatments or maintain preventative behaviors because of poverty and low financial means. In these situations, education alone might not be sufficient to treat the underlying causes of communicable illnesses, necessitating a more all-encompassing strategy that addresses economic inequalities. On the contradictory note, Ghany and Morgan (2020) defined that education may act as an impetus for change, giving people the confidence to look for better job prospects and enhance their standard of living. It may interrupt the cycle of illness transmission caused by poverty by assisting people in understanding the financial advantages of avoiding illnesses and prompt intervention.

: Comprehensive care framework for people with non-communicable diseases using primary health care (PHC) approach

Figure 1: Comprehensive care framework for people with non-communicable diseases using primary health care (PHC) approach

(Source: Yadav, U., 2021)

Siginificance

The significance of investigating the role of healthcare education within handling communicable diseases within rural areas are unable be overstated. Rural communities might face particular difficulties, such as limited availability of medical services, poorer economic circumstances, and increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. To improve the well-being and health of these neglected areas, it is essential to comprehend that healthcare instruction can tackle these problems.

This study has the capacity to guide the creation of public policies and healthcare initiatives catered to the unique requirements of rural communities. It may act as a model for healthcare professionals, authorities, and nonprofit organizations for developing more efficient, inclusive, and context-appropriate educational initiatives by demonstrating the benefits of healthcare instruction in raising awareness, encouraging proactive prevention, and promoting community engagement (Serota et al., 2020). Additionally, by being aware of the limitations and difficulties of carrying out healthcare education within rural areas, efforts may be directed towards allocating resources and removing obstacles, therefore easing the load of communicable illnesses in these areas. The results of the study may significantly enhance public health outcomes, lower illness occurrence, and increase rural residents' quality of life generally.

Research Aim And Objectives

Aim:

The aim of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of healthcare education in running communicable diseases within rural areas.

Objectives:

  • To analyze effectiveness of healthcare education initiatives in rural disease management.
  • To evaluate the role of healthcare education programs and its significance within rural areas disease prevention.
  • To identify challenges within healthcare education implementation in rural regions.
  • To recommend strategies for improving healthcare education in context of creating awareness in rural areas for disease management.

Research questions:

Q.1. What is the effectiveness of healthcare education initiatives in rural disease management?

Q.2 What is the role of healthcare education programs and its significance within rural areas disease prevention?

Q.3 What are the challenges within healthcare education implementation in rural regions?

Ethical Considerations

A comprehensive description of ethical concerns will be strictly followed in the conduct of the study on the function of healthcare education to regulate communicable illnesses in rural regions. Every participant will voluntarily provide their informed permission after carefully explaining the research's goals, the secrecy of their responds and their freedom to opt out from the study at any time without penalty. Participants will be given the assurance that their involvement is completely voluntary, and that they will be kept private by using codes or aliases to disguise them. The project will also apply for clearance from the relevant institutional committees for ethics, showing a commitment to carrying out research within accepted ethical frameworks. Ethics will be strictly observed and will include a study of the literature, reports, and documents already in existence (Chua et al., 2020). The original creators and sources for the data will continuously be acknowledged through correct reference and credit, supporting academic integrity and protecting intellectual property rights. When private or delicate information is found via secondary sources, extreme caution will be exercised to ensure that it is used properly and in accordance with the relevant privacy regulations.

The ethical values of reverence, beneficence, and fairness shall be zealously upheld during the course of the study. These guidelines are essential to maintaining the validity of the research, protecting the welfare of study participants, and protecting the rights of secondary data sources' authors. The research's legitimacy and integrity as well as its ability to responsibly promote healthcare education for rural regions depend on this unshakable ethical foundation. The goal of the project is to significantly improve healthcare within rural communities in line with this code of ethics.

Research Methodology

Research type

The research type relates to the general framework which guides the study, usually categorized into mixed methods, qualitative methods, or quantitative methods. Qualitative research will be selected for this research as it seeks to investigate the experiences, views, and actions of individuals within the framework of rural communities. Qualitative research provides a thorough grasp of the intricate social and cultural effects on illness treatment and healthcare education in these contexts (Dominguez et al., 2021). Qualitative type helps in obtaining the complex, context-specific insight that quantitative studies may not be able to provide by using techniques like survey analysis. It is important to comprehend way local populations use and interpret the information offered in the larger context of healthcare education. Exploring these complex interactions through qualitative research offers significant insights for creating successful solutions.

Research approach

The research approach refers to the overarching plan used for data gathering and analysis. The research method may involve either deductive, wherein the examiner formulates a theory and verifies it, or inductive, wherein the investigator collects data first and then waits for theories or hypotheses to emerge as a result. An inductive methodology will be selected for this study as it is consistent with the exploratory character of qualitative research. It is crucial to approach the investigation using an open mind, enabling themes, trends, and concepts to develop from the data itself, given the paucity of past research on the function of healthcare education within rural communicable illnesses prevention. Without enforcing preexisting assumptions or theories that could not adequately represent these events, the inductive technique is well-suited to unearth the intricacies and distinctive views of rural populations surrounding healthcare education and infectious illnesses.

Research philosophy

Research philosophy supports the basic convictions and presumptions about the foundations of knowledge and reality. Positivism, which focuses impartiality quantifiability and observation based on evidence. On the other side, interpretivism, focuses on individuality, and the significance in comprehending the meaning individuals attach to their experiences, are the two primary groups into which it may be divided. The most suitable approach for this study will be interpretivism as it recognizes the issue's emotive and context-dependent personality. The experiences and viewpoints of people living in these areas are crucial in the setting of remote healthcare education and illnesses that are transmissible. Interpretivism recognizes that each person interprets and understands the world around them in a unique way that is impacted by social, cultural, and historic aspects. The research will be enabled to collect the rich, context-dependent insights that qualitative investigation in rural settings requires through using an interpretivist mindset (Ellwanger et al., 2020). In order to gain a comprehensive grasp of the subject, it also enables the examination of the societal significance and constructions attached to health education and infectious illnesses in various contexts.

Sample And Recruitment

To carry out a comprehensive study on the significance of healthcare education in handling infectious illnesses in rural locations, a simple method of random sampling is going to be used for selecting a sample of 50 citizens from rural areas. By ensuring that each person had a fair opportunity of participating in the research, this strategy improves the sample's representativeness. A list of all possible participants from various rural locations will be generated to start the sample and recruiting procedure. This list will contain residents of the rural community who belong to various ages, economic strata, and geographical regions. 50 individuals will be chosen at random from the gathered list utilizing a generator that generates random numbers or a comparable device. This random selection method will aid in removing biases and guarantee that the sample accurately represents the larger population of rural residents.

The participants who were selected will then be notified and encouraged to take part in the study, as well as informed of the goals of the study and how the data will be gathered. The recruiting process will place a strong emphasis on the value of their insights about the efficiency of healthcare education programmes in controlling communicable illnesses in their local communities. The information obtained from the sample will later help to provide insightful conclusions for the study.

Data Collection

Data collection is a methodical method that gathers information or facts to different sources that can include surveys, interviews, observations, and previous records. Data collection is an essential research stage that allows for evaluation and choice-making. Both primary as well as secondary data will be gathered in the study.

For this study, it is essential to obtain primary data using surveys for a number of reasons. Surveys enable the systematic collection of quantitative data and organized replies from a sample of rural citizens that is approximate to the entire population. Standardized survey questions will make it possible to quantify important factors such the degree of understanding, awareness, and behavioral changes connected to communicable illnesses and healthcare practices because the study focuses on evaluating the influence of healthcare education. Additionally, surveys are a useful way to connect with a sizable and scattered rural population. It might be logistically difficult to reach respondents for in-depth focus group discussions in a number of remote places. More people may participate in surveys, which give a thorough analysis of the efficiency of healthcare education and how it affects the control of disease. The implementation of surveys also makes it easier to compare and generalize the results. The research may make strong conclusions and generalize the findings to a larger population by using standardized surveys and statistical analysis, which helps to establish based on evidence strategies and measures that can be used in rural environments that are comparable to urban ones.

Secondary data are essential for offering the investigation context and historical information, including published research articles, official reports, and medical records. These resources can shed light on historical efforts at health education, patterns of illness incidence, and the development of rural healthcare systems. When analyzing the results from the original survey data, secondary data might be a useful point of comparison. The study can determine if current healthcare education initiatives have improved or presented difficulties in handling communicable illnesses by looking at historical patterns and prior studies. Awareness of the long-term impacts of healthcare education within rural communities and identifying patterns in transmission of illnesses and management require an awareness of this setting. In addition, by including data from many rural places, secondary data may provide a larger perspective. This enables comparisons and the discovery of similarities as well as variations in healthcare education along with illness treatment across distinct rural contexts. This all-encompassing strategy deepens the study and offers a more complete knowledge of the function for healthcare education across different rural contexts.

Data Analysis

Data analysis involves methodically going through and evaluating data to find trends, patterns, and important insights that allow researchers to come to findings and make intelligent decisions. The qualitative character of the information gathered for this study that consists of survey responses and secondary sources makes thematic analysis an appropriate choice. It makes it possible to spot recurrent themes, trends, and deeper meanings in the data. When attempting to glean rich and context-specific information about health education and transmissible diseases from rural populations, thematic analysis is extremely useful. It lets investigators to identify and comprehend the participants' varied viewpoints, experiences, and attitudes.

The flexibility of thematic analysis allows for easy adjustment to the emergent character of qualitative data. The subjective nature of the research questions in the study makes this approach perfect for allowing patterns and themes to emerge from the information itself. By ensuring the findings are based on the opinions and observations of the participants. This method is consistent with the study’s aim to thoroughly explore the intricate relationships which play in rural area (Serota et. al. 2020). As a result, it will help in gaining as greater awareness of the role that healthcare education plays in handling communicable diseases within rural and semi urban areas.

Rigour And Quality

For the research on healthcare education within treating communicable illnesses in rural regions, thorough investigation and maintaining excellent quality of data are important. Due to the diversity within rural communities, the study may encounter problems with sample representativeness. Second, self-reported data accuracy in surveys may result in response bias. At last, the depth of study may be impacted by the accessibility and accessibility of past information for secondary sources. The research will use random sampling approaches to improve the representativeness of the sample and will make sure the sample is varied. Surveys will be created with simple, unbiased enquiries to lessen response bias. Strong verification of information and validity tests will also be carried out. Thorough secondary source research and validation will be needed to deal with the limitations of historical information.

Conclusion

In summary, a crucial area of public health will be clarified by the study on the function of health education in managing transmissible diseases in rural regions. This study intends to shed some light on the efficacy of healthcare education programmes in rural areas by using qualitative research techniques including surveys and theme analysis. Recognizing such limits and overcoming them will guarantee the study's credibility, even though ethical issues and data quality are of the utmost importance. The study's conclusions will ultimately help develop evidence-based policies and procedures, enhance healthcare instruction in rural regions, and strengthen the control of communicable illnesses, improving health outcomes for disadvantaged people.

References

Books and Journals

  • Abbas, J. (2020). The impact of coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) epidemic on individuals mental health: the protective measures of Pakistan in managing and sustaining transmissible disease. Psychiatria Danubina, 32(3-4), 472-477.
  • Abbas, J. (2021). Crisis management, transnational healthcare challenges and opportunities: The intersection of COVID-19 pandemic and global mental health. Research in Globalization, 3, 100037.
  • Azadnajafabad, S., Mohammadi, E., Aminorroaya, A., Fattahi, N., Rezaei, S., Haghshenas, R., ... & Farzadfar, F. (2021). Non-communicable diseases’ risk factors in Iran; a review of the present status and action plans. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 1-9.
  • Burkle, F. M. (2020). Declining public health protections within autocratic regimes: impact on global public health security, infectious disease outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. Prehospital and disaster medicine, 35(3), 237-246.
  • Chua, F., Armstrong-James, D., Desai, S. R., Barnett, J., Kouranos, V., Kon, O. M., ... & Devaraj, A. (2020). The role of CT in case ascertainment and management of COVID-19 pneumonia in the UK: insights from high-incidence regions. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(5), 438-440.
  • Cupertino, M. C., Resende, M. B., Mayer, N. A., Carvalho, L. M., & Siqueira-Batista, R. (2020). Emerging and re-emerging human infectious diseases: A systematic review of the role of wild animals with a focus on public health impact. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 13(3), 99-106.
  • Dominguez, L. J., Di Bella, G., Veronese, N., & Barbagallo, M. (2021). Impact of Mediterranean diet on chronic non-communicable diseases and longevity. Nutrients, 13(6), 2028.
  • Ellwanger, J. H., Kulmann-Leal, B., Kaminski, V. L., Valverde-Villegas, J. A. C. Q. U. E. L. I. N. E., VEIGA, A. B. G., Spilki, F. R., ... & Chies, J. A. B. (2020). Beyond diversity loss and climate change: Impacts of Amazon deforestation on infectious diseases and public health. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 92.
  • Ghany, M. G., & Morgan, T. R. (2020). Hepatitis C guidance 2019 update: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases–Infectious Diseases Society of America recommendations for testing, managing, and treating hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology, 71(2), 686-721.
  • Muley, D., Shahin, M., Dias, C., & Abdullah, M. (2020). Role of transport during outbreak of infectious diseases: evidence from the past. Sustainability, 12(18), 7367.
  • Serota, D. P., Barocas, J. A., & Springer, S. A. (2020). Infectious complications of addiction: a call for a new subspecialty within infectious diseases. Clinical infectious diseases, 70(5), 968-972.
  • Strand, M. A., Bratberg, J., Eukel, H., Hardy, M., & Williams, C. (2020). Peer Reviewed: Community Pharmacists’ Contributions to Disease Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Preventing chronic disease, 17.
  • Yang, G. Z., J. Nelson, B., Murphy, R. R., Choset, H., Christensen, H., H. Collins, S., ... & McNutt, M. (2020). Combating COVID-19—The role of robotics in managing public health and infectious diseases. Science Robotics, 5(40), eabb5589.
  • Young, J. D., Abdel-Massih, R., Herchline, T., McCurdy, L., Moyer, K. J., Scott, J. D., ... & Siddiqui, J. (2019). Infectious Diseases Society of America position statement on telehealth and telemedicine as applied to the practice of infectious diseases. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 68(9), 1437-1443.
  • Young, J. D., Abdel-Massih, R., Herchline, T., McCurdy, L., Moyer, K. J., Scott, J. D., ... & Siddiqui, J. (2019). Infectious Diseases Society of America position statement on telehealth and telemedicine as applied to the practice of infectious diseases. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 68(9), 1437-1443.

Online

  • Yadav, U., 2021. Comprehensive care framework for people with noncommunicable diseases using primary health care (PHC) approach. Online. Available through. :< https://jogh.org/recognizing-the-roles-of-primary-health-care-in-addressing-non-communicable-diseases-in-low-and-middle-income-countries-lesson-from-covid-19-implications-for-the-future/>
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