Impact of Nanofluids on Flat Plate Solar Collector Efficiency Assignment Sample

Introduction

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In this literature chapter, it explores the key concept of the thermal performance of solar power, theories and models which is used to explore the theories of solar collectors of the power plant.

It helps to analyze the thermal technology of flat plate solar collectors. This section contains a wide range of sources that include academic papers and an up-to-date synthesis of the relevant literature. It provides the framework for comprehending the condition of the discipline at the moment and locating any gaps or regions that require additional research.

Aim and Objectives

Aim: Primary aim of the research and develop the use of Nano-fluids as heat transfer fluids to enhance the thermal performance of flat-plate solar collectors.

Objectives

• To examine the thermal characteristics of different Nano-fluids.
• To experimental setup are using flat-plate solar collectors outfitted.
• To evaluate and contrast the thermal effectiveness, heat gain, and overall efficacy of solar collectors.
• To perform a thorough heat transfer analysis to determine how the addition of Nano-fluids.
• To examine the stability and behavior over time of the Nano-fluids.

Research Question

1. How is thermal performance of solar collectors made of flat plates and heat transfer conditions affected by incorporation of nanofluids?

Discussion

Literature Review

1. Does Particle Size in Nanofluid Synthesis Affect Their Performance as Heat Transfer Fluid in Flat Plate Collectors

According to Ogungbemi (2022), the impact of nanoparticle sizes on the enhancement of heat transfer capabilities of flat-plate collectors (FPCs). Conventional flexible printed circuits (FPCs), although they are economically advantageous, exhibit suboptimal effectiveness, thus necessitating studies aimed at enhancing their functionality. Pil et al. 2004, but also author says investigating the use of fly ash nanofluid, which contains nanoparticles of various sizes, as a functional fluid in a flat plate collector (FPC) system is the main goal of this work.

Figure 1: Share of renewables and fossil fuels in global power generation

(Source: Ogungbemi et al. 2022)

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the utilization of the fly ash nanofluid, featuring nanoparticles of different sizes, as a functional fluid within a flat plate collector (FPC) system (Ogungbemi et al. 2022). It is seen that a particular nanoparticle measuring 11.5 nm resulted in the attainment of a notable optimum energy savings of 73.8%.

In this research the distinct method has been implemented including heat transfer analysis in application known as solid works for evaluating better outcome.

2. Potential of simple and hybrid nanofluid enhancement in performances of a flat plate solar water heater under a typical North-African climate (Tunisia)

According to Harrabi (2023), This study investigates how employing different nanofluids in a fat plate solar collector under Tunisian climatic circumstances might improve the efficiency of a solar water heater installation. Significant increases in collector efficiency were seen when copper alloy/multiwalled oxide-carbon nanotube nanofluids, titanium oxide, and magnesium oxide were used. Lanjwani HB 2021 also agree with the Particularly, the addition of 0.4% and 0.6% TiO2 nanoparticles to water caused equivalent drops in the consumption of extra energy of 77.6% and 90.9%.

Figure 2: Validation of the TRNSYS

(Source: Harrabi et al. 2023)

Particularly, the inclusion of 0.2% and 0.6% TiO2 nanoparticles in water resulted in corresponding reductions in supplementary energy consumption of 47.6% and 60.9%. The system successfully attained an annual coverage rate of about 65%, which helped to lower CO2 emissions (Harrabi et al. 2023). The study highlights how nanofluids can advance solar water heating technology and offer workable solutions for applications involving renewable energy.

In this research the distinct method has been implemented including heat transfer analysis in application known as STAR CCM+ for evaluating better outcome.

3. Thermal Performance Enhancement of Nanofluids Based Parabolic Trough Solar Collector for Sustainable Environment

According to Soundararajan (2023), Researchers examine nanofluid parabolic trough collector (PTC) effectiveness based on nanoparticle varieties, base fluids, volume fractions, and sizes There are computational, semi-analytical, and experimental fluid dynamics studies. Entropy, heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, and thermal efficiency are affected by nanofluids. Volume fraction adjustment lowers pressure loss, while nanofluids improve thermal, convective, and energy efficiency (Soundararajan 2023). Solar collectors offer clean, affordable energy for numerous uses. Kalogirou et al. 2016 reflector configurations boost solar tube efficiency and heat absorption. Heat water using evacuated solar tubes and acetone-loaded copper rods. Research shows that reflector design and heat transfer improve solar collector performance.

In this research the distinct method has been implemented including Thermal analysis in application known as ABAQUS for evaluating better outcome.

4. Nano-fluid figure-of-merits to assess thermal efficiency of a flat plate solar collector

According to Elcioglu (2020), the emphasis in the modern energy sector is on environmental responsibility, and “nanofluids” are becoming more commonplace. Due to their substantial surface-to-volume ratio, nanoparticles improve the base fluids and have promise for use in “electronic cooling systems” and “solar collectors” (Elcioglu et al. 2020). Research primarily focuses on the thermal characteristics and heat transport of nanofluids.

Figure 3: Mo ratios for turbulent flow. The horizontal dashed line depicts the Mo ratio of water

(Source: Elcioglu et al. 2020)

Productivity is assessed using a number of “Figures of Merits (FOMs)”, including the “Efficiency Price Index (EPI)” and the “Mouromtseff number (Mo)”. Buschmann et al 2018 the industrial application of nanofluids requires a thorough examination of their thermophysical characteristics, safety, and appropriate FOMs. SWCNT has a range from 10 to the power -2 to 10. MO represent the y-axis from 0.75 to 1.05.

In this research the distinct simulation method has been implemented including heat transfer analysis in application known as solid works Flow simulation for evaluating better outcome.

5. Thermal Performance and Efficiency Enhancement in Evacuated Tube Solar Collectors Using Various Nanofluids

According to Gomaa (2023), Petrochemicals, which are the main causes of pollution, emissions, and climate change, pose a serious threat to the environment amid population increase and rising energy needs. Due to an abundant and unlimited source of solar energy appears as a notable solution, famous for its affordability and eco-friendliness.

Figure 4: Thermo-syphon solar collectors

(Source: Gomaa et al. 2023)

Solar collectors take in sunlight, convert it to heat, and then transfer that heat to an operational fluid, usually air or water. For home water heating, "Flat Plate Collectors (FPCs)" operate in the 20–80 ? range (Gomaa et al. 2023). The advantages of "evacuated tube solar collectors (ETSCs)" in cold weather situations and moderate temperatures (50-200 ?). Hasan et al. 2021 solar tracking, "compound parabolic collectors (CPCs)" perform best between 60 and 240 ?. PDRs, or parabolic dish reflectors, are powerful solar electricity generators that work at temperatures above 1500 ?.

In this research the distinct designing method has been implemented including elevated temperature analysis in application known as ANSYS Transits thermal for evaluating better outcome.

6. Analysis of thermal efficiency of solar flat plate collector using twisted tape

According to Behura (2021),A key component of the functioning and effectiveness of solar panels made using flat metal plates is its thermal efficiency. Flattering plates solar panels are frequently used to capture solar power for a variety of uses, such as heating spaces and the heating of water (Behura et al. 2021).

Figure 5: Thermal efficiency

(Source: Behura et al. 2021)

An absorber plate is typically covered using a selected surface that minimizes the loss of heat during radiation while absorbing a substantial percentage of the incoming solar energy. Radhakrishnan et al. 2008 Time represents the x-axis which goes from 12:35 to 13:10 and efficiency represents the Y-axis from 10 to 30.

In this research the distinct method has been implemented including heat transfer analysis in application known as NX for evaluating better outcome.

7. An experimental and numerical approach for thermal performance investigation of solar flat plate collector

According to Singh (2023), The insulation utilized in collectors with flat plates is another important factor. By successfully preventing heat from exiting the collector's walls, adequate insulation ensures that solar power is properly transmitted to the fluid of operation, usually fluids or an absorbing fluid, with low losses (Singh et al. 2023).

Figure 6: Temperature graph

(Source: Singh et al. 2023)

The collector's position and angle are quite important. Sardarabadi et al. 2017 the collection device has to be placed at a position and inclination that corresponds with the course of the sun across the daylight hours as well as during the different seasons to maximum solar adsorption.

In this research the distinct method has been implemented including heat transfer analysis in application known as CATIA for evaluating better outcome.

8. Smart modeling by using artificial intelligent techniques on thermal performance of flat?plate solar collector using nanofluid

According to Sadeghzadeh (2019), Adding low energy emissions glass elements can improve the flat-plate collector's thermal efficiency even more. By reducing the discharge of infrared energy from the absorption plate, these materials decrease the transfer of heat. It's crucial for heat to flow through the collector effectively (Sadeghzadeh et al. 2019).

Figure 7: Thermal performance

(Source: Sadeghzadeh et al. 2019 )

The fluid that works transmits heat from the absorption plate to a store or circulation system by absorbing it. Sopian et al. 2018 the thermal efficiency is influenced by the heat exchanger's rate of flow, liquid type, and general design. Thermal performance is also impacted by the weather, particularly outside temperatures and sun radiation.

In this research the distinct method has been implemented including heat transfer analysis in application known as CREO for evaluating better outcome.

9. Performance comparison of innovative spiral shaped solar collector design with conventional flat plate solar collector

According to Verma (2020), The structure and substance of the plate that absorbs energy, insulating material, collecting direction, covering supplies, heat exchange systems, and the current weather all have an impact on the heat transfer efficiency of flat-bottom solar power collectors (Verma et al. 2020).

Figure 8: Mass Flow

(Source: Verma et al. 2020 )

Bellos et al. 2019 enhance the effectiveness of solar chargers with flat plates in capturing solar radiation for thermal purposes, these components must be optimized.

In this research the distinct method has been implemented including nanofluid analysis in application known as ANSYS CFX for evaluating better outcome.

10. Combining CFD and artificial neural network techniques to predict the thermal performance of all-glass straight evacuated tube solar collector

According to Du (2021), The addition of nanofluids has a considerable impact on the thermal efficiency of solar energy collectors. Heat transmission within the collector is improved by nanofluids that are made up of nanoparticles floating in an initial fluid.

Figure 9: Temperature efficiency

(Source:Du et al. 2021)

The effectiveness of the solar collector in collecting and transmitting solar energy is increased by the nanomaterials' increased heat conductivity. However, issues such as the sedimentation of micron-sized particles and the need for greater energy in the pumps must be resolved (Du et al. 2021). Mohamed et al. 2012 Nanofluids are an exciting option for green power collecting because they have the ability to improve the transfer of heat circumstances and energy use in solar panels.

In this research the distinct method has been implemented including thermal analysis in application known as ANSYS fluent for evaluating better outcome.

Literature Gap

Significant advancements in solar collectors with nanofluid enhancements are highlighted in the literature study. Addressing the enduring sustainability and adaptability of nanofluid-based technologies for practical applications, however, is noticeably lacking. It is essential to do research examining the viability of large-scale implementation and concentrating on the practical issues, including precipitation and energy needs. In order to give full understanding for widespread acceptance and sustainability solar energy consumption, comparative studies assessing the performances of various nanomaterials in different collector designs under diverse environmental circumstances are required.

Conclusion

In summary, the critical analysis and literature findings illustrate the importance of many aspects in raising the efficiency of flat plate solar collectors and offer insightful information about their thermal modeling. In order to maximize the performance of flat plate solar collectors, the research emphasizes the significance of proper material selection, accurate thermal modeling, and risk mitigation techniques. Furthermore, the incorporation of nanofluids appears to be a potential route, delivering much enhanced heat transmission capacities. Thoughtful consideration must be given to issues including accurate data collecting, simplifications in modeling approaches, and transient impacts. Researchers and engineers can create more effective and long-lasting solar energy systems by tackling these problems and utilizing nanofluid technology, making a substantial contribution to the global transition to renewable energy sources.

References

Journals

• Al-Rawashdeh, H., Hasan, A. O., Al-Shakhanbeh, H. A., Al-Dhaifallah, M., Gomaa, M. R. & Rezk, H. (2021). Investigation of the effect of solar ventilation on the cabin temperature of vehicles parked under the sun. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(24), 13963.
• Al?Waeli AHA, Sopian K, Kazem HA, etal. Comparison of prediction methods of PV/T nanofluid and nano?PCM system using a measured dataset and artificial neural network. Sol Energy. 2018;162:378?396.
• Behura, A.K., Kumar, A., Todkari, V.C., Dwivedi, G. and Gupta, H.K., 2021. Analysis of thermal efficiency of solar flat plate collector using twisted tape. In Advances in Air Conditioning and Refrigeration: Select Proceedings of RAAR 2019 (pp. 89-97). Springer Singapore.
• Bellos E, Bousi E, Tzivanidis C, Pavlovic S. Optical and thermal analysis of different cavity receiver designs for solar dish concentrators. Energy Convers Manag X 2019;2:100013.
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• Kalogirou, S.A.; Karellas, S.; Braimakis, K.; Stanciu, C.; Badescu, V. Exergy analysis of solar thermal collectors and processes. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 2016, 56, 106–137.
• Lanjwani HB, Chandio MS, Anwar MI, Shehzad SA, Izadi M (2021) Dual solutions of time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point boundary layer micropolar nanofuid fow over shrinking/stretching surface. Appl Math Mech 42:1013–1028
• Ogungbemi, A.T., Adun, H., Adedeji, M., Kavaz, D. and Dagbasi, M., 2022. Does Particle Size in Nanofluid Synthesis Affect Their Performance as Heat Transfer Fluid in Flat Plate Collectors?—An Energy and Exergy Analysis. Sustainability, 14(16), p.10429.
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• Soundararajan, R., 2023. Thermal Performance Enhancement of Nanofluids Based Parabolic Trough Solar Collector for Sustainable Environment.
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