Introduction: Human Rights

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This essay shed light on the effectiveness of children's human rights in Australia. This had been identified that every country has some specified rights towards children, adults, and women that hold the rights and responsibilities of human beings towards the community or governments as well. The age of children under 18 years old holds some social, economic, and cultural rights such as the right to good health, the right to good environments, the right to fair education, and the right to a better standard of living. Therefore, this essay had shed information regarding the measures that the government of Australia had took regarding with enhancement of the rights and responsibilities of children.

Overview of Children's Human Rights

There are nearly “2.3 billion” children in the world which is termed as a total of one-third of the population. As per the law, children are defined as under the age of 18 which means infants and teenagers. This had been analyzed that all kinds of children have some human rights just like adults. These kinds of rights include the right to speak out, the right to equality, the right to good health and education, the right to clean environments or surroundings, the right to save place to live in, and prevention from all kinds of harm. The rights of children have been termed as the most ratified “human rights” in the world as per the “United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC)” as it focuses on protecting children from any kind of harm by providing development and growths as well as in empowering the participation of the children in the society. As per the viewpoint of Sanson et al. (2019), Article 42 is committed to educating the child and adults about their rights and responsibilities towards society. This also been analyzed that ignoring the rights of the children may cause a hindrance for the child.

Convention on the Rights of the Child

“The Convention on the Rights of the Child” is termed as the international human rights that help in outlining the rights that a child has and also can claim towards any kind of disruption that happens. Convention refers to the rights of the child below the age of 18 as they hold various kinds of rights such as political, social, civil, cultural, etc. There are some rights of the child stated in the convention which include the rights to state their points of view, the right to be treated equally, the right to grow and live healthily, the right to get proper education, and the right to be safe in their surroundings as well (Humanrights.gov.au, 2023).

Elaborating on the measures of Children's rights in Australia

This had been identified that generally, most children grow healthy and safe in the positive environments of Australia but some of the children had not get an adequate amount of knowledge regarding their rights and responsibilities which results in experiencing mental issues or homelessness. The government of Australia had been involved in monitoring and promoting the human rights of children and has drawn some attention regarding addressing some issues and challenges that are being faced by the children of the country (Humanrights.gov.au, 2023). The various kinds of works that had been done by the government of Australia regarding with promoting and protecting the rights of children through establishment of “The National Children's Commissioners”. The “national children's commissioner” helps in analyzing the issues and challenges that are being faced by the children through making interacting with them or conducting surveys in the areas. As per the Humanrights.gov.au, (2023), the commissioner has concluded with 5 main ideas through making interaction with them.

(a) “The right to be heard”: This idea states about listening to the problems and issues of the children are being faced by them and also taking their views seriously and not neglecting their views. Through making interaction with the children and knowing the issues and challenges they are facing helps the children that they are safe in their surroundings.

(b) “Freedom from abuse, violence, and neglect”: This idea state about providing a safe surrounding to the children through which children would feel a good environment. It involves creating an environment where abuse, neglect, and violence do not happen as they can hurt the child mentally and physically as well.

(c) “Action and Accountability”: This idea state that the government should monitor the relevance of human rights among children as it helps them in identifying the area of improvement and in taking some actions regarding preventing the laws from any kind of disruption in Australia.

(d) “Engaged Citizenship”: This idea emphasizes knowing the rights and responsibilities as it helps the children towards getting educated about the powers or rights that they have. Children should get proper knowledge and education to become responsible citizens of the country.

(e) “The opportunity to thrive”: This idea state about that all children need to grow in a positive environment as it helped them towards growing up strong, happy, and healthy.

Prevention taken by the government of Australia regarding Child Rights

“Child Labor”

As per the viewpoint of Orr et al. (2023), The children of Australia are not eligible for getting paid employment under some specific age which is termed as under 14 years of age. Children between the age of “15 to 18” are not eligible to work more than three hours a day or 12 hours a week as they are involved in their school life.

“Child Marriage”

18 is termed as the age when the people of Australia can get married legally as they have jumped towards adulthood. In Australia, there were several criminal penalties if anyone get caught marrying the children or forcing them towards getting married in their childhood. As per the viewpoint of Correia et al. (2019), There are 9-25 years of imprisonment if any children are taken out of the country for conducting their marriage.

“State and Differ Territories”

This had been analyzed that Australia does not have any kind of UN convention “for the rights of the children” In Australia neither country has any kind of national strategy towards children nor adults as the territories and states are different. Therefore the government has made separate kinds of frameworks and legislation that are being applied in Australia.

“Age of Criminal Responsibilities”

As per the viewpoint of Lawrence et al. (2019), In Australia, there is a rule that states that a child as young as 10 years can be jailed or arrested for conducting any kind of criminal offense or misconduct. However, the UN has been called to improve the number to 14 but the Australian government has rejected the request. Therefore, the child should be aware of the things that should or should not have been done and can cause issues.

Conclusion

This had been concluded through the help of the essay, that every children have to be aware of their rights and responsibilities in society through providing them rights amount of education. This had been determined that the government of Australia has conducted several kinds of measures to mitigate the issues and challenges of the children that are being faced by children in Australia through establishing the “National Children's Commissioners” in Australia as the commissioners get interacted with the children and generate the depth knowledge about the hindrances and issues that are being faced by them also in identifying the measure that helps in mitigating those issues. Various kinds of factors had been analyzed that emphasize the prevention that is taken by the governments of Australia to protect the rights of Children.

References

• Correia, N., Camilo, C., Aguiar, C., & Amaro, F. (2019). Children's right to participate in early childhood education settings: A systematic review. Children and Youth Services Review, 100, 76-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.02.031
• Humanrights.gov.au (2023) [Accessed on: 20.06.23], Accessed From: https://humanrights.gov.au
• Lawrence, J. A., Dodds, A. E., Kaplan, I., & Tucci, M. M. (2019). The Rights of Refugee Children and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Laws, 8(3), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws8030020
• McGregor, L., Murray, D., & Ng, V. (2019). International human rights law as a framework for algorithmic accountability. International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 68(2), 309-343. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020589319000046
• Orr, C., Fisher, C., Bell, M., O'Donnell, M., Martin, K., Glauert, R., & Preen, D. (2023). Exposure to family and domestic violence is associated with lower attendance and higher suspension in school children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 142, 105594.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105594
• Russell, D., Higgins, D., & Posso, A. (2020). Preventing child sexual abuse: A systematic review of interventions and their efficacy in developing countries. Child abuse & neglect, 102, 104395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104395
• Sanson, A. V., Van Hoorn, J., & Burke, S. E. (2019). Responding to the impacts of the climate crisis on children and youth. Child Development Perspectives, 13(4), 201-207. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12342
• Waters, T. E., Camia, C., Facompré, C. R., & Fivush, R. (2019). A meta-analytic examination of maternal reminiscing style: Elaboration, gender, and children's cognitive development. Psychological Bulletin, 145(11), 1082.https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/bul0000211