Formalin 37/3 Production Assignment Sample

Introduction - Formalin 37/3 Production

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As it is known that a chemical can be synthesized by following various routes in the laboratories and for commercial purpose in the production of Formalin following methods can be used:

Formox Process:

In the recent approach of production of Formalin formox process is being considered in a wide range. This newer approach of industrial production of Formalin was developed by “ Perstop and Reichhold Chemicals”.

Major Reactions for the production of 37/3 Formalin

• In the Formox process of production of Formalin, the methanol is oxidized partially (Abbas et al.2020).
• Iron or molybdenum is used as a catalyst. Recently use of Vanadium is also in practice
• The system is then heated at a high of 300 degree Celsius.
• Water is removed from the system.
• It is an exothermic process.

Process

• Methanol is taken in a tank and mixed with recycled methanol stored in the other tank (Anshory et al.2020) .
• Then the mixture is kept at 350⁰C-450⁰C and at 14.7 psi. A pump is connected to the tank, which raises the pressure to about 35 psi.
• This vaporizers the methanol.
• Then the methanol is condensed and kept in a separate container (Islam, M.A., 2020).
• Water and Hydrogen gas produced during the process are then separated from the product using an absorber and a vent.
• Thus the Formalin is produced.

Flowchart

(Source: Draw.io)

Feed Ratio

Table 1: Feed Ratio

Block Diagram

Figure 1: Formox Process

(Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.kfupm.edu.sa)

Merits

• The process is less complex.
• Using of catalyst makes the process easy to control.
• The cost of production is quite low.
• There is no production of harmful toxic substances. (Vujanovi? et al. 2021).
• The temperature produced during the partial oxidation may overheat the system.
• High pressure has to be maintained all the time.
• The high pressure and temperature can increase the chance of a potential accident.

Demerits

 Water Ballast Process Using Silver Catalyst

At first, the Formalin is produced industrially with the help of using the silver catalyst. Catalyst can be described as the element or a compound which does not undergo any change in the chemical state during a chemical reaction; rather, they lower the energy barrier and help to accel; are the process of reaction. The process was banned after some time due to the emission of toxic gasses into the environment (Cruz et al.2019 ). This process also generates poisonous steam, which generally contains about 0.2% of the Formalin, which cannot be separated hence cannot be used in the process of recycling.

The catalyst used in the reaction is Silver. The catalyst helps in the process of partial conversion of methanol which is the chief reactants, into Formalin. The average efficiency of using Silver as a catalyst increases the efficiency of the reaction to 90%. The product is obtained as a mixture of formal, methanol and water, which can be separated by using the process of dehydration and distillation. Though after a proper distillation, there is always a slight trace of Formalin present in the system. This causes an increase in the cost of further treatment (Shakeel et al.2020 ).

The production of Formalin in this process is carried out by using the catalytic oxidation and removal of hydrogen from the methanol.

Partial Oxidation 

It is an endothermic process as the reaction absorbs heat from the surrounding systems.

Dehydrogenation

This process is the exothermic one.

The release of energy by this exothermic reaction plays a great role in the maintenance of the average required temperature in the reactor. The temperature also helps and facilitates the production of water. This can increase the quantity of the Formalin produced in the process. This reaction is always accompanied by some unwanted side reaction which can significantly regulate the quantity of the Formalin produced. The chief side reaction occurring in the process 

In this approach, the use of off-gases is generally avoided. The gas produced in natural ways is purchased and used as a fuel to produce a temperature for the generation of the steam (sciencedirect.com, 2021).

Apart from these two processes, other routes which do not have to depend on the presence of methanol can be used in the laboratory, but there is no commercial or practical application of those processes.

Feed Ratio

Table 2: Feed Ratio

Block Diagram

Figure 2: Water Ballast Process Using Silver Catalyst

(Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net)

Merits

• A large amount of Formalin can be produced.
• Temperature and pressure can be regulated.
• The time and the heat required to initiate the reaction is less.
• The gas produced as a by-product in the process can prove to have a toxic effect.
• The distillation process is lengthy and costly.
• The byproducts during the reaction can cause change of oxidation gradient in the medium.

Demerits

Hydrogenation Of Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide is a toxic and suffocating gas produced during combustion in the low oxygen concentrated environment. The oxygen forms a double bond with a carbon molecule. Thus it requires more physical elements like heat or pressure to break the double bond between carbon and oxygen. Hence to produce Formalin with the help of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, first the bond between carbon and oxygen has to be broken, and then the hydrogen is introduced into the system. To overcome the strong double bond, an impractically high pressure has to be used in the system. Addition of high pressure significantly increases the risk in the production plant; hence the process is ignored (onlinelibrary.wiley.com , 2021).

“2C+O₂=2CO”

“CO+H₂=CH₂0”

Merits

• No methanol is used
• Catalysts are not used
• An unimaginable amount of pressure is generated inside the system. It makes the system prone to explosion.
• The average yield of Formalin during this process is low.

Demerits

Partial Oxidation of Methane

 Another approach to get the Formalin without using methanol is by using the Methane. Methane is the natural gas produced mainly during the decomposition of the organic matters. Methane is highly flammable in nature and requires a lot of cautiousness while working on it. Methane is a highly stable compound. In methane, the carbon atom is well balanced by the 4 hydrogen atoms. So to perform the partial oxidation, the bond has to be broken. Hence this process also requires a lot of heat or pressure for its operation. If the heat and pressure is raised to a certain extent, the methanol present in the system can start combustion making the whole process a hazard. Apart from this, the by-products produced in the reaction have a similar boiling point with Formalin; hence it cannot be separated with the help of distillation. This process is again very costly, and the quantity and the quality of the Formalin produced by this process is low. Hence the process is disregarded. 

CH4+¹/₂O₂ = CH₂O+H₂

Flowchart

(Source: Draw.io)

Block Diagram

Figure 3: Partial oxidation of methane

(Source: data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYcAAACBCAMAAAAc7oblAAAAgVBMVEX)

Feed Ratio

Figure 4: Feed ratio

(Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%356A%2dfs%2Fwww.researchgate.net)

Merits

• Methanol is easy available and can be cheap
• No exchange of heat takes place between the system and surroundings during the course of reaction.
• Methane as a natural gas can be obtained easily and can be re used

Demerits

• Methanol can be highly flammable
• The process of separation among the desired products and others makes the process very lengthy and prone to be expensive.
• The amount and quality of the Formalin yielded by this process can be very low to use as a commercial process.
• The temperature and pressure is dangerously high for the manufacturing.

Cost Viability 

The cost remains one of the chief concerns while producing chemical products. Most of the organic products require a huge cost of separation as the organic compounds are generally contaminated by water and other hydrocarbons. The costs are influenced by the different physical elements like pipelines, tanks and container fuel to generate heat machinery. There are other variables that can influence a cost of a chemical plant like the fees of the experts and working in the plant and various contingency equipment are bought to minimise the effect of any sudden occurrence of the risk. Commercial Formalin are produced by the process of dehydrogenation and partial oxidation . Apart from this other p[rocess are not generally used. The process of producing Formalin using silver catalyst is banned in many areas due to the production of hazardous gas produced as a by-product. The other two non methanol routes are avoided due to the cost and the difficulties to manage the physical environment. As the process requires a huge amount of heat and pressure, the fuel used to attain such a temperature is huge, thus increase the cost for production. Along this, the amount and the quality of methanol produced in this process are quite low (go.gale.com , 2021). Hence taking this route may bring low profit with a high percentage of risk. The other non methanol route where methane is used in place of methanol are also avoided. The final product produced in this route is contaminated with the unwanted products with similar boiling point. This makes the process of distillation more complex. So it is safe to say that using the process of partial oxidation and dehydrogenation is most suitable when it comes in the context of producing Formalin. The process requires minimum regulation of temperature and the Formalin produced in the process is not much contaminated, making the distillation process easier.

References

Journal

Puhar, J., Vujanovi?, A., Awad, P. and ?u?ek, L., 2021. Reduction of cost, energy and emissions of the formalin production process via methane steam reforming. Systems, 9(1), p.5.

Yin, X., Jing, Y., Chen, Q., Abbas, A.B., Hu, J. and Xu, H., 2020. The intraperitoneal administration of MOTS-c produces antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects through the activation of AMPK pathway in the mouse formalin test. European journal of pharmacology, 870, p.172909.

Yasa, N.S., Anshory, L., Purnomo, S.J. and Samadan, G.M., 2020, October. Induction of Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90 in formalin exposed white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) stress test. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 584, No. 1, p. 012054). IOP Publishing.

Islam, M.A., 2020. Food adulteration and unethical use of formalin.

Puhar, J., Vujanovi?, A., Awad, P. and ?u?ek, L., 2021. Reduction of cost, energy and emissions of the formalin production process via methane steam reforming. Systems, 9(1), p.5.

Cruz, L.A., Díaz, M.A., Gupta, M.P., López-Pérez, J.L., Mondolis, E., Morán-Pinzón, J. and Guerrero, E., 2019. Assessment of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the stem methanol extract of Diplotropis purpurea. Pharmaceutical biology, 57(1), pp.432-436.

Shakeel, K., Javaid, M., Muazzam, Y., Naqvi, S.R., Taqvi, S.A.A., Uddin, F., Mehran, M.T., Sikander, U. and Niazi, M., 2020. Performance comparison of industrially produced formaldehyde using two different catalysts. Processes, 8(5), p.571.

Online Article

sciencedirect.com, 2021 Production of Formalin Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874117305445 [ Accessed on : 27/02/2021]

onlinelibrary.wiley.com , 2021 Production of Formalin Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/raq.12160 [ Accessed on : 27/02/2021]

Website

go.gale.com , 2021 Production of Formalin Available at: https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA649839160&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=25870998&p=AONE&sw=w [ Accessed on : 27/02/2021]

Introduction - Academic & Research Skill Assignment 

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Executive Summary

Remote management is an innovative and essential technique for the modern business sector. The huge flexibility of the management style is significantly intriguing for companies. Due to the CoVID 19 situation, many MNCs and small businesses are obtaining this technique to remain relevant to the contemporary market. The objective of the academic report is to find out a detailed study of the management style. The report will deliver some CRAAP tests of relevant and authentic journals to gather information about the subject. The researcher will conduct preferred report writing techniques to assess and deliver relevant information and findings of the remote management. The study will finally conclude the efficiency of the management style.

1. Introduction

The remote management style is a modern management strategy in the industry. The remote management style is strictly based on the technological advancement of a company or an organisation. The strategy was developed to help the company run in an emergency. Due to the 2020 pandemic, companies from every location in the world have started to implement this style in their organisation. The global pandemic has raised a significant amount of urge to use this technique to survive in the contemporary market. This academic research will try to evaluate the efficiency of the management style in both the modern workplace and emergencies. The study will deliver CRAAP tests from ten relevant journals and will assess the impact, benefits, efficiency and limitations of the remote management strategy. The academic report will also consider providing effective points to increase the credibility of the research process.

2. Demonstrate your awareness of the academic and research skills required for your learning journey by producing a referenced, structured academic report.

2.1 CRAAP Test

Resource (1): Dean, S. and Student, P.H., 2020. FUTURE OF WORK: MANAGING EMPLOYEES EFFECTIVELY THROUGH THE COVID-19 CRISIS. International Journal of Engineering Apllied Sciences and Technology Vol, 5.

C (Currency)	R (Relevance)	A (Authority)	A (Accuracy)	P (Purpose)
The resource paper is relevant and current to the time of the research because it was published in 2020.	The journal is relevant to the report as it discusses the future application and strategies of work from home.	The author of the research is Shoanna Dean who is a professor at Welingkar Institute of Management in Mumbai and has been working on the subject for 2 years.	The resource is accurate and authentic because the authors have gathered information from reliable resources.	The purpose of the research paper is to understand the dimension of future working dynamics in remote management.

Resource (2): Larson, B.Z., Vroman, S.R. and Makarius, E.E., 2020. A guide to managing your (newly) remote workers. Harvard Business Review, 18.

C (Currency)	R (Relevance)	A (Authority)	A (Accuracy)	P (Purpose)
The research applies to the timeline of the research as it was published in 2020.	The research is relevant to the topic as it provides details about the overall remote management techniques and plans.	The authors of the research are Barbara Z. Larson, Susan R. Vroman and Erin E. Makarius. Barbara is a professor of management and director of partnership at Northeastern’s D’Amore-McKim School of Business.	The authors have developed this journal by using several authentic and accurate resources.	The purpose of the research is to assess every aspect of the remote management system.

Resource (3): Howe, L.C., Whillans, A. and Menges, J.I., 2020. How to (actually) save time when you’re working remotely. Harv. Bus. Rev.

C (Currency)	R (Relevance)	A (Authority)	A (Accuracy)	P (Purpose)
The resource is specific and pertinent to the timeline of the research as it is published in 2020.	The resource is appropriate to the relevance of the topic as it demonstrates the time management for the managers who are managing remotely.	The author of this journal is Lauren C. Howe, Ashley Whillians and Jochen I. Menges. Lauren C. Howe is a postdoctoral researcher on the future of work at the University of Zurich.	The resource is authentic because the researchers of the journal have gathered the information from authentic resources.	The purpose of the journal is to study time management while managing remotely.

Resource (4): Laker, B., Godley, W., Patel, C. and Cobb, D., 2020. How to monitor remote workers—ethically. MIT Sloan Management Review.

C (Currency)	R (Relevance)	A (Authority)	A (Accuracy)	P (Purpose)
The journal is current to the topic of the research as it was published in 2020.	The journal is directly related to the report because it describes the monitoring techniques of managers while managing remotely.	The authors of the journal are B. Laker, W. Godley and D. Cobb. B. Laker is a professor of Sloan management at the Massachusetts Institution of Technology.	The journal is accurate because the researchers have collected the data from authentic resources.	The purpose of the journal is to find out the strategies and techniques to manage remote workers.

Resource (5): Parker, S.K., Knight, C. and Keller, A., 2020. Remote managers are having trust issues. Harvard Business Review, 30.

C (Currency)	R (Relevance)	A (Authority)	A (Accuracy)	P (Purpose)
The resource journal is current to the timeline of the report as it was published in 2020.	The study is relevant to the report because it talks about the trust issues managers are facing while managing remotely in a pandemic.	The Authors are S. K. Parker, C. Knight and A. Keller. Sharon K. Parker is a professor of management at Curtin University and Director of the Centre for Transformative Work Design.	The research journal is accurate and authentic for the contribution of legit and credible resources delivered by authors.	The target of the journal is to understand if remote managers are finding any trust issues and if so, then why.

Resource (6): Sutherland, L. and Janene-Nelson, K., 2020. Work Together Anywhere: A Handbook on Working Remotely-Successfully-for Individuals, Teams, and Managers. John Wiley & Sons.

C (Currency)	R (Relevance)	A (Authority)	A (Accuracy)	P (Purpose)
The research journal is relevant to the timeline as it was published in 2020.	The journal is relevant to the academic report as it demonstrates the managing strategies for teamwork while managing from home digitally.	The Authors of this journal are L. Sutherland and Janene Nelson. Lisette Sunderland is an assistant director of the Department of People engagement at work culture at Newcastle University.	The resource is authentic because the authors have gathered these data from credible resources.	The purpose of the journal is to find out if an employee, a team or a manager can work remotely from anywhere.

Resource (7): Gardner, H.K. and Matviak, I., 2020. Coronavirus could force teams to work remotely. Harvard Business Review, 5.

C (Currency)	R (Relevance)	A (Authority)	A (Accuracy)	P (Purpose)
The report was published in 202o. That is why it is relevant to the timeline of the report.	The resource is relevant to the report because it describes the impact of coronavirus making teamwork remotely with the help of remote management.	The authors of this research paper are H. K. Gardner and I. Matviak. Heidi K. Gardner is renowned personnel in Harvard Law School and Ivan Matviak is a co-founder of Gardner and Company and has been a senior executive in State Street Bank.	The journal is authentic because of the contribution of credible information provided by the authors.	The purpose of the subject is to assess the probability of working remotely by a team during a global pandemic.

Resource (8): Perrigino, M.B. and Raveendhran, R., 2020. Managing remote workers during quarantine: Insights from organizational research on boundary management. Behavioral Science & Policy.

C (Currency)	R (Relevance)	A (Authority)	A (Accuracy)	P (Purpose)
The journal is pertinent and current to the time as it was published in 2020.	The journal is directly connected to the subject of the report as it talks about remote management techniques in pandemic situations.	The authors of this research are M. B. Perrigino and R. Raveendran. Matthew B. Perrigino is a professor at the University of Virginia.	The resource is accurate because the researchers have collected the data used in this journal from different authentic resources.	The research aims to deliver realistic data about the management of remote workers in pandemic situations.

Resource (9): Garber, P.R. and Mack III, J., 2018. A Practical Guide to Managing Temporary Workers. American Society for Training and Development.

C (Currency)	R (Relevance)	A (Authority)	A (Accuracy)	P (Purpose)
The resource was published in 2018. It implies that the research is relevant to the timeline of the report.	This journal is pertinent to the topic because it talks about managing remote workers along with managing temporary workers remotely.	The authors of the journal are Peter R. Garber and Joseph Mack III. Peter R Garber is a human resource researcher and adviser. He has written more than 50 books.	The resource is authentic because the authors have collected the data from credible resources.	The objective of the journal is to deliver advice or direction to manage temporary remote workers.

Resource (10): Choudhury, P., Foroughi, C. and Larson, B., 2021. Work?from?anywhere: The productivity effects of geographic flexibility. Strategic Management Journal, 42(4), pp.655-683.

C (Currency)	R (Relevance)	A (Authority)	A (Accuracy)	P (Purpose)
This resource is very relevant to the timeline of the report as it was published in 2021.	This journal is relevant to the topic because it demonstrates the potential of productivity while managing workers remotely.	The authors of the journal paper are Prithwiraj Choudhury Cirrus Foroughi and Barbara Larson. Prithwiraj Choudhury is an associate professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School.	The journal is accurate because of the credibility of the resources used by the authors.	The purpose of the journal is to find out the potential and efficiency of workers while working from home.

3. Provide evidence of data handling and analysis, and the ability to interpret basic statistics and construct an academic argument.

3.1 Academic Findings of Remote Management with Appropriate Theories

Geographically diverse team management is a modern-day solution and problem at the same time. The modern system of accumulating teams and co-workers by a virtual managing system is widely practiced across every organisation. Due to the current pandemic situation, the urge of managing remotely has risen by a significant amount. There has been reported a significant amount of challenges regarding supervising and security maintenance (Dean and Student, 2020). The implementation of modern technology in the application sector has initiated to resolve any problems regarding the matter. The management theory and motivational theory has also covered the issues regarding the ethical consideration of an organisation. The CRAAP chart of ten comprehensive research journals has provided a huge amount of information to understand many aspects of the management for remote workers or employees (Larson et al., 2020).

According to the LPC theory, developed by Fiedler in 1964, the effectiveness and impact of a leader can be analysed by the leader’s ability to influence the employees. Depending on this theory the leadership is most effective in this pandemic situation as the manager can utilise his/her influence over employees to maintain and increase the productivity of employees (Larson et al., 2020).

According to the Little Current Theory by Bell and Kozlowski, developed in 2002, it is difficult to assess the uniqueness of virtual teams and their impact on leadership or management. This theory creates a dilemma between the effectiveness of management on remote workers and the productivity of employees (Howe et al., 2020). Reinforcement theory was developed in 1964 by Victor Vroom. According to this theory, a person will choose a specific behavior over others to get something in return. This theory has been largely implied in the institution during the 2020 pandemic to reinforce their working employees.

The calculated implementation of these theories has helped the organisations to assess the position of their management capacity while managing remotely. After elaborated application of several other strategies, companies are trying to come to a conclusion where they can find a suitable way to increase the productivity of their company while managing remotely (Laker et al., 2020).

3.2 Advantages of Remote Management

The comprehensive review of literature has delivered some significant advantages of the remote management system. The advantages are as follows.

• Remote workers require less money to handle as the entire process is running online.
• Remote working resolves the issues about delaying transportation limitations.
• Remote management can offer flexible time schedules as well as flexible working hours that increase productivity.
• Remote management improves the dimension of work-life balance so that it is favorable for everyone (Parker et al., 2020).
• With the help of this technique, a manager can achieve more effective team meetings.
• Remote working produces fewer office politics and a less toxic office culture that increases the focus of employees on the productivity of the company.
• Remote management reduces the carbon footprint of the organisation that increases the sustainability statement of the company

3.3 Disadvantages of Remote Management

The elaborated literature review of journals has helped to develop an understanding of the probable disadvantages of managers while operating remotely. The disadvantages are mentioned below.

• Remote management reduces the interactive connection between managers and employees. It also decreases the relationship between colleagues and reduces the collective approaches of employees (Sutherland and Janene-Nelson, 2020).
• Remote management reduces the opportunity for employees to establish their potential as a worker. Without the frequent appraisal and appreciation of coworkers, employees start to feel demotivated to maintain their productivity.
• Remote management faces a lot of problems regarding concentration issues of workers. Employees are frequently distracted by their home environment, internet connection and many other things.

4. Reflect on your research by using a recognised reflective model.

According to the figure, the effectiveness of employees is reduced by the pressure of implementing new business objectives that enhances the business impact. Productivity reduces when the manager tends to prioritise tasks to employees (Gardner and Matviak, 2020).

The flexible working hours can increase the work consist of employees but it reduces the tenacity to achieve more potential. This particular style is effective to deliver better time management opportunities to managers.

Cognitive and intellectual skills

? Reflection on the acquired knowledge of remote management (RO)

Managing employees remotely requires many interpersonal skills that are important to develop better engagement of employees. I have found that managers can create better productivity by developing better networking with employees. The management benefits when collaboration happens between employees. Managers instruct employees to arrange frequent group meetings to develop better collaboration (Dean and Student, 2020). Remote management gets better with the help of developing active listening skills among managers. I have studied many journals and theories and finally realised that many organisations are finding it vital to develop an oral presentation skill among managers. The remote management style requires immense concentration of employees to understand the objective of the company when it comes to talking about the big picture of the business.

? Recognised reflective model deployment to structure the reflection (RO)

Transferable skills

? Effective formal report writing skills (AE)

The objective of this academic report writing is to assess the efficiency or inefficiency of managing remotely. I have taken several effective notes from the ten journal papers and observed them critically. The journals have helped me construct an academic argument of the matter. The argument was raised by many renowned professors and officials who work on the remote management topic. There have been several incidents where managing personnel have tried to conduct independent and innovative thinking to develop a better structure that serves the company equally efficiently (Larson et al., 2020). I have gathered data and information from both primary and secondary data collection techniques to establish the validity and credibility of the report. I have critically conducted a CRAAP test to justify the authenticity of the academic report. I have also used several books and supportive journals to verify the information provided in the report. The online library of management and modern management strategy has delivered valuable information about the topic. I have learned about the importance of oral presentation and active listening skills in remote management style.

Skills to Achieve the Findings	Academic Findings	Resource
Communication Skills	The communication skill has developed the quality of information collected from the managing authorities. The report writing has enriched with the help of listening to the reflection of managers about the matter. The open conversation has created space for a real argument about the effectiveness of the management style. The overall oral presentation of the queries has developed a communication bridge between the researcher and the managers.	The journal; Work?from?anywhere: The productivity effects of geographic flexibility by Choudhury (2021), has delivered valuable research topics to the report.
Organisational Skills	The time management skills, effective planning skills and task prioritising skills has helped the researcher to complete the research in time. It has created effectiveness for the researcher to meet the research objective.	For example, the journal; How to (actually) save time when you’re working remotely by L. C. Howe has provided immense information about organisational skills in remote management (Howe et al., 2020).
Interpersonal Skills	The interpersonal skills of researchers have created immense opportunities to conduct the research efficiently.	For example, the research paper; How to monitor remote workers—ethically. By Lecker (2020) was enriched by the interpersonal skills of the researcher.
Critical Reading and Thinking Skills	The critical reading and thinking skill have helped the researcher to understand the comprehensive nature of the remote management model and create an efficient academic report on the subject.	For example, the journal report; Remote managers are having trust issues by S. K. Parker required immense reading and thinking skills to conduct the research (Parker et al., 2020).
Reflective Skills	The reflective skills have allowed the researcher to deliver his/her opinion about the matter based on the information he/she has gathered from primary and secondary resources.	For example, the journal; Work Together Anywhere: A Handbook on Working Remotely-Successfully-for Individuals by L. Sutherland was enriched by the nice reflective skills of the researcher (Sutherland and Janene-Nelson, 2020).
Data collection Skills	Authentic and relevant data collection skills have increased the credibility of the report.	For example, Coronavirus could force teams to work remotely by H. K. Gardner. This journal required comprehensive data collection skills (Gardner and Matviak, 2020).

5. Conclusion

The remote management style is impeccable to the timeline of the pandemic. The management style is sufficiently old and was used by many organisations from 2005. Managing remotely offers several financial advantages to the company. Due to the 2020 pandemic, many corporations are forced to use this system to survive in the market and keep the business operation running. The academic report delivered valuable information about the efficiency of the technique in practical fields. The study has come to a conclusion where it can state that the style is essential for certain situations but inefficient in ideal situations. The study has delivered ten relevant journals written by several renowned and credible authors. The study has provided a brief understanding of the management style and the advantages and disadvantages of the remote management style. The study has also provided a comprehensive procedure of structuring the report to understand the realistic application of the report. Several secondary and primary resources have been used to increase the credibility of the report. 

Reference List

Blumberga, S. and Pylinskaya, T., REMOTE WORK ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ON THE EXAMPLE IN IT ORGANISATION.

Choudhury, P., Foroughi, C. and Larson, B., 2021. Work?from?anywhere: The productivity effects of geographic flexibility. Strategic Management Journal, 42(4), pp.655-683.

Dean, S. and Student, P.H., 2020. FUTURE OF WORK: MANAGING EMPLOYEES EFFECTIVELY THROUGH THE COVID-19 CRISIS. International Journal of Engineering Apllied Sciences and Technology Vol, 5. Available at: https://www.ijeast.com/papers/196-207,Tesma503,IJEAST.pdf [Accessed on 25.03.2021]

Garber, P.R. and Mack III, J., 2018. A Practical Guide to Managing Temporary Workers. American Society for Training and Development.

Gardner, H.K. and Matviak, I., 2020. Coronavirus could force teams to work remotely. Harvard Business Review, 5.

Glassburn, S., McGuire, L.E. and Lay, K., 2019. Reflection as self-care: models for facilitative supervision. Reflective Practice, 20(6), pp.692-704.

Howe, L.C., Whillans, A. and Menges, J.I., 2020. How to (actually) save time when you’re working remotely. Harv. Bus. Rev.

Laker, B., Godley, W., Patel, C. and Cobb, D., 2020. How to monitor remote workers—ethically. MIT Sloan Management Review.

Larson, B.Z., Vroman, S.R. and Makarius, E.E., 2020. A guide to managing your (newly) remote workers. Harvard Business Review, 18.

Parker, S.K., Knight, C. and Keller, A., 2020. Remote managers are having trust issues. Harvard Business Review, 30. Available at: https://netfamilybusiness.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Remote-Managers-Are-Having-Trust-Issues.pdf [Accessed on 25.03.2021]

Perrigino, M.B. and Raveendhran, R., 2020. Managing remote workers during quarantine: Insights from organizational research on boundary management. Behavioral Science & Policy.

Sutherland, L. and Janene-Nelson, K., 2020. Work Together Anywhere: A Handbook on Working Remotely-Successfully-for Individuals, Teams, and Managers. John Wiley & Sons.