Estimation Of The Pressure And Output Load On Footing Assignment Sample

Introduction: Estimation Of The Pressure And Output Load On Footing

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A key component of structural engineering is the estimation of pressure and output load on footings, which is essential for the secure and effective construction of foundations. Any structure's foundation is made up of its footings, which are in charge of transferring the entire building load to the rock or soil beneath. A precise understanding of the stresses placed on the footing and the weights it can support is necessary for this essential interplay. In this exploration, it delivers into the methodologies and principles that underpin this estimation process. To ascertain the distribution of forces and moments on a footing, it includes the use of soil mechanics, structural analysis, and geotechnical engineering. Engineers can determine the necessary size and reinforcement by understanding the soil's characteristics, the structure's weight, and its planned purpose.

Discussion

Bearing capacity of Soil

The bearing capacity of the soil means the capacity to take the load coming on it without any failure or, disturbance (Dobrazanski et al,2021).

Figure 1: Soil stabilization with boundaries In ‘X and ‘Y axis

(Source: Self-Created In Sigma/W)

At first to accumulate the bearing capacity of the soil, here the stabilization of the soil has been done including the boundaries in both X and Y axis (Yamaguchi et al,2021). The process of the calculation of the bering process of the soil includes the several steps, that helps to estimate the ultimate soil bearing capacity.

Figure 2: Unit and parameters

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This is the unit and the parameters are imported for the calculation of the soil bearing capacity measurement. Here the axisymmetric angle has been applied for the maximum scaling and origin.

Expression of bearing capacity with given data,

C= 0 (Cohesion of the soil)

Nc= 30.14 (Values of strips)

q= 0 (Stress in soil)

Nq= 7.653 (Strips value)

y= 18 (Unit weight of soil)

B = 2.5 (Width of footing)

Ny= 7.653

Bearing capacity of the soil (qc) = C*Nc+q*Nq+0.5*y*B*Ny

= (0*30.14)+(0*7.653)+(0.5*18*2.5*7.653)

= 0+0+172.2

=172.2 KN/sqm.

Figure 3: Soil after Mesh alignment

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The surface of the soil is drier than any other condition and therefore the in-situ soil does not fragments the particles at all (Lafifi et al,2023). The Mesh allignment is needed for the betterment of the health of soil.

(i) Measured soil suction consideration-

For the ultimate soil bearing capacity here the mesh alignment is done (Ravindran et al,2023). That helps to reinforce the structure of the soil with the wire mesh facing structure, that uses the steel wire meshing for the perfect shaping and slope alignment.

Ψ = Soil suction

α = Inverse air-entry value

θ = Volumetric moisture content

n = Pore size distribution index

Formating the equation,

Ψ = -α*θ^(-n)

Calculating the values,

Ψ = 15 Kpa

α = 0.26 Kpa or 26%

θ = 33

n = 0.01

Equating the equation we get,

15 Kpa = -(1/0.26)*33^(--0.01)

α = -(15 Kpa)/(0.962) = -15.56 Kpa

Calculating the values,

Ψ = 25 Kpa

α = 0.26 Kpa or 26%

θ = 33

n = 0.01

Equating the equation we get,

25 Kpa = -(1/0.26)*33^(-0.01)

α = -(25 Kpa)/(0.962) = -25.98 Kpa

Figure 4: Contour View

(Source: Self-Created In Sigma/W)

It is the counter view for the implementation of the soil capacity measurement (Babitharani et al.2020). Where the elevation and the redial distance has been measured for the applied structured soil partitioned area.

Also, if we calculate taking suction value (Ψ) 10,

Ψ = 25 Kpa

α = 0.26 Kpa or 26%

θ = 33

n = 0.01

Equating the equation we get,

10 Kpa = -(1/0.26)*33^(-0.01)

α = -(10 Kpa)/(0.962) = -10.39 Kpa

Figure 5: Mesh alligned view

(Source: Self-created In Sigma/W)

It is the mesh alignment implementation over the applied counter view of the soil structure.

(ii) Bearing capacity of soil ( considering dry state of soil)-

Max. dry density of dry soil is 16 Kn/Cum.

Formulating the bearing capacity we get,

= C*Nc+q*Nq+0.5*y*B*Ny

= (0*30.14)+(0*7.653)+(0.5*16*2.5*7.653)

= 0+0+153.06 KN/sqm.

Figure 6: lateral Displacement

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The lateral displacement measurement has been accumulated here within the applied area (Hore et al.2020). This helps to get the knowledge about the lateral increment of the capacitance of the soil.

(iii) Assuming, the water table is on G.L

Water table = 0,

Q = C*Nc+ q*Nq+ 0.5y*B*Ny

Notations of the formula,

Nc, Nq and Ny = Bearing capacity factors

Q = Effective overburden pressure

B = Width of footing

Equating the equation we get (Assumption),

B = 2.5 meter

Y = 16 KN/cum.

S = 305

Nc = 30.14

Nq = 7.653

Calculating, q= y*B*(1-S)

q = 16 KN/cum. *2.5m.*(1-0.30)

= 28 KN/Cum.

Putting substitute values into the equation,

q = {(0+28)*(30.14+0.5)*(16*2.5*5*7.653)}

q = 854.96 KN/sqm.

Therefore, the bearing capacity of the footing comes to 854.96 KN/sqm.

Figure 7: Stress diagram

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In the last step the measurement of the stress through the soil capacity measurement process has been shown here.

Figure 8: Result regarding load analysis

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The above picture shows the output resultant view for the load analysis procedure applied in the bearing soil capacity measurement analysis.

Conclusion

A important aspect of structural engineering is the calculation of the pressure and output load on a footing, that must be done for ensuring the stability and protection of structures. In this research, it has been investigated through several kinds of factors that affect the extention to which pressure is exerted on footings and how much load they can sustain. The analysis provided several important results.

Firstly, it appears that a particular kind of soil exerts an important influence on what amount of pressure is applied on a footing. Higher the capacity for carrying soils, especially thick granular soils, usually put a smaller strain on the footing, while looser or cohesive soils frequently result in more. For establishing foundations that are capable of distributing loads, this information is important.

In conclusion, accurate evaluation of the pressure and resultant loading on a footing needs an in-depth understanding of the soil characteristics footing parameters, and load characteristics. Because incorrect estimates may result in failures in the structure which compromise both safety and financial viability, engineers need to carefully take all of these factors into consideration to ensure the long-term sustainability of structures. This study highlights the importance of this information and offers helpful recommendations for future structural projects in both design and construction.

References

Journals

• Ravindran, G., Bahrami, A., Mahesh, V., Katman, H.Y., Srihitha, K., Sushmashree, A., & Nikhil Kumar, A. (2023). Global Research Trends in Engineered Soil Development through Stabilisation: Scientific Production and Thematic Breakthrough Analysis. Buildings.
• Lafifi, B., Rouaiguia, A., & Soltani, E. (2023). A Novel Method for Optimizing Parameters influencing the Bearing Capacity of Geosynthetic Reinforced Sand Using RSM, ANN, and Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm. Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, 45, 174 - 196.
• Dobrza?ski, J., & Kawa, M. (2021). Bearing capacity of eccentrically loaded strip footing on spatially variable cohesive soil. Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, 43, 425 - 437.
• Yamaguchi, T., Kakihara, Y., Kikuchi, Y., Noda, S., Noguchi, T., Tomimatsu, R., Nakayama, K., & Yoshikawa, T. (2021). Property of mixture of foam shield tunneling surplus excavation soil and steelmaking slag under water casting. Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication.
• Hore, R., & Ansary, M.A. (2020). Different Soft Soil Improvement Techniques of Dhaka Mass Rapid Transit Project. Journal of Engineering Science.
• Babitharani, H., Krishnavardan, A., Sainath, & Islam, T. (2020). SOIL STABILIZATION USING PLASTIC SHEETS.