Diplomacy Is It Relevant Or Obsolete In Papua New Guinea Assignment Sample

Pages: 23 Words: 5796

Introduction

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Diplomacy is the practice of managing relations between nations through negotiation, representation, and dialogue (Trager, 2016). PNG is a member of numerous international organisations, including the Pacific Islands Forum, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the United Nations, and it has diplomatic links with numerous other nations. Maintaining these ties will need constant diplomacy. PNG is endowed with a wealth of natural resources, such as copper, gold, and liquefied natural gas (Avalos et al., 2015). In order to manage trade connections, draw in foreign investment, and negotiate economic alliances, diplomacy is essential. PNG is situated in the South Pacific region, which presents several difficulties such as resource management, climate change, and regional security (Interactives., 2017). Working together on these concerns with the surrounding Pacific Island nations requires diplomacy. PNG has always placed a strong emphasis on respecting each other's sovereignty and preventing participation in the domestic problems of other nations.

This is a result of its dedication to the values found in the United Nations Charter (United Nations, 2023). Because of its Pacific position, Papua New Guinea is involved in regional issues.is an essential component of regional organisations like the Pacific Islands Forum and places a high priority on ties with Pacific Island countries. Because of its abundance of resources, it is a desirable partne.PNG wants to increase commerce, draw in international investment, and expand its economic connectionsIt with other countries (Rulli et al., 2019). r for nations looking to export energy, minerals, and agricultural goods. PNG is a member of many international organisations and strongly believes in multilateral diplomacy. It views multilateralism as a means of addressing global issues and advancing development, security, and peace. PNG has always placed a high priority on its relations with Indonesia, its immediate neighbours, and other significant countries in the Asia-Pacific area, including China, Japan, and the United States. Australia was PNG's former colonial master. These ideas are emphasised in PNG's Foreign Policy Statements, which are detailed in a number of official publications and statements made by the country's leaders. The nation has made official documents outlining its foreign policy strategy available throughout time; these documents shed light on the nation's diplomatic priorities (Beacháin and Coene, 2014).

Thesis statement

"Papua New Guinea's foreign policy, rooted in principles of sovereignty, regionalism, economic cooperation, and multilateralism, underscores the enduring significance and relevance of diplomacy in navigating its relationships, promoting national interests, and addressing broader regional and global challenges."

Definition

Foreign Policy

The collection of tactics, values, and behaviours that a nation uses in its dealings with other countries; includes diplomatic, economic, military, and cultural factors. It guides a nation's decisions and behaviors in the international arena and reflects its goals, priorities, and values on the global stage (Sheludiakova et al., 2021).

Regionalism

The promotion of or stress on the issues, traits, and interests of a particular geographic area, frequently placing them above more general issues facing the country or the world. The practise of forging alliances or cooperative efforts among neighbouring countries based on shared geographical, economic, or cultural ties is sometimes referred to as regionalism in international relations (Awosusi and Lenn, 2019).

Sovereignty

The ultimate, autonomous authority and capacity of a state to manage its affairs without intervention or oversight from outside parties. It stands for the entire authority and power of a governing body to decide on matters and pass laws that affect its people both inside its borders and outside.

Bilateral partnerships

Agreements or partnerships formed between two nations that deal with issues like trade, defence, culture, or diplomacy are known as bilateral partnerships (Yazdani and Zeng, 2023). These alliances, which are frequently formalised by treaties or other official instruments, are founded on shared interests and benefits.

Problem statement

For Papua New Guinea (PNG), navigating the heightened geopolitical tensions in the Pacific is becoming a more difficult task. PNG is more than just a geographical connection—its strategic location between East and West makes it a key player in the shifting dynamics of the global power struggle. PNG's economic prospects are linked to its diplomatic strategies because of its strong economic connections to important nations like China, Australia, and the United States (Nt, 2021). Furthermore, because it has a voice in regional organisations like the Pacific Islands Forum, its decisions have an impact on the whole regional strategy, highlighting the necessity of a well-rounded and thoughtful plan.

PNG faces opportunities and problems as a result of the interaction between its new relationships and its historical ties (Mudd et al., 2020). PNG's ability to maintain its sovereignty, its skill at using its soft power, which is derived from its rich cultural legacy, and its dedication to mutual respect in diplomacy are crucial in this difficult environment. Not only is economic growth at risk, but PNG's fundamental independence and self-determination in a geopolitical environment that is changing quickly are also at danger(Lei and Sui, 2021) .

Papua New Guinea's Diverse Diplomatic Engagements

Papua New Guinea (PNG) has taken substantial steps in the last few years to broaden its diplomatic ties, using a multimodal strategy that goes beyond conventional state-to-state exchanges. This all-encompassing engagement includes public diplomacy, sports diplomacy, cultural diplomacy, health diplomacy, and military diplomacy, each of which contributes in a different way to strengthening PNG's standing internationally.

Military Diplomacy

PNG now uses military diplomacy as a vital instrument for maintaining and strengthening its security partnerships. Although PNG has historically relied on Australia for defence assistance, in recent years, PNG has engaged in joint exercises, military exchanges, and training programmes with other regional nations. These interactions not only strengthen PNG's defence capabilities but also act as a means of fostering mutual trust and stability in the area with its neighbours.

Public Diplomacy

In the age of information, public diplomacy has become indispensable. For PNG, this involves shaping global perceptions about the nation through media, education, and person-to-person engagements. By showcasing its democratic governance, economic potential, and efforts in environmental conservation, PNG is creating a narrative that attracts tourism, foreign investment, and international goodwill.

Sports Diplomacy

With various regional and international competitions held in the country, sports have become a potent political instrument for PNG. The 2015 Pacific Games, which were hosted in Port Moresby, are evidence of Papua New Guinea's dedication to sports diplomacy. Such occasions not only strengthen national pride but also improve Papua New Guinea's reputation as a sports tourism destination, encouraging goodwill and regional unity.

Cultural diplomacy

In the field of cultural diplomacy, Papua New Guinea (PNG) has a distinct edge due to its diverse range of cultures, languages, and customs. PNG is developing mutual understanding and appreciation with other countries by showcasing its unique past through exhibitions, cultural exchanges, and participation in international cultural events. The promotion of culture also helps to increase tourism and strengthen interpersonal relationships.

Health diplomacy

Health diplomacy has become more important in light of the worldwide health crises and pandemics. This entails joint efforts in policy discussions, research collaborations, and regional health initiatives for PNG. PNG's participation in health diplomacy guarantees it a say in decisions pertaining to global health, access to medical advancements, and the ability to obtain aid during medical emergencies.

Papua New Guinea's diplomatic strategy is diverse, reflecting the country's understanding of the interconnectivity of the modern world. PNG actively participates in forming cooperative and mutually beneficial futures with countries all over the world by aggressively pursuing various forms of diplomacy, in addition to safeguarding its security and standing in the world. The country's capacity to combine these cutting-edge techniques with old-fashioned diplomacy is indicative of a dynamic, forward-thinking mindset that guarantees PNG's continued relevance and influence in the quickly changing international arena.

The Evolution of Diplomacy in Papua New Guinea: From Traditional to Modern Forms

Since gaining independence in 1975, Papua New Guinea (PNG) has seen a considerable shift in its diplomatic approaches. PNG's diplomatic practises, which are based on its rich cultural legacy and customs of inter-tribal dialogue and peacemaking, have developed over time to take into account modern techniques and the demands of a globalised society.

PNG's historical links, geographic position, and post-colonial heritage all played major roles in shaping diplomacy throughout the early years of the country's international relations. Formal exchanges between state representatives with the primary goals of establishing bilateral relations, securing borders, and resolving territorial disputes defined traditional diplomacy. The techniques used were primarily top-down, with a focus on upholding national interests and sovereign integrity.

During this time, PNG's colonial past with Australia had a significant impact on its diplomatic interactions. Its territorial sovereignty was prioritised, particularly in light of the difficulties presented by its border with Indonesia and the separatist movements in Bougainville.

Multilateral Engagements: PNG started taking an active position in regional and global forums such as the Commonwealth, the United Nations, and the Pacific Islands Forum. This made it possible for PNG to take part in joint decision-making, take advantage of shared regional interests, and promote causes like climate change, which directly affects a large number of Pacific island states.

Economic Diplomacy: After realising the potential of its natural resources, Papua New Guinea (PNG) started pursuing foreign investments, building commercial ties, and participating in international economic projects. PNG is moving outside its traditional allies to diversify its economic links; examples include the Belt and Road Initiative with China and trade partnerships with ASEAN countries.

Soft Power and Cultural Diplomacy: PNG began promoting its customs, artwork, and languages on international stages by utilising its rich cultural legacy. Cultural exchanges, festivals, and exhibitions were used as instruments to promote understanding among people and draw tourists.

Sports diplomacy: PNG was able to interact with the globe, promote regional unity, and increase national pride by hosting the Pacific Games and winning championships in sports like rugby league.

Health and Environmental Diplomacy: PNG has taken the lead in health and environmental diplomacy in response to issues like pandemics and the existential threat posed by rising sea levels. PNG is able to make sure that its concerns are heard in international forums through research collaborations, collaborative health projects, and active engagement in global climate negotiations.

Digital diplomacy: PNG is progressively using digital tools for diplomatic contacts in accordance with international trends. Digital communication technologies, virtual summits, and social media platforms are being utilised to promote PNG's interests, interact with audiences throughout the world, and speed up decision-making.

The development of Papua New Guinean diplomacy is reflective of the country's transition from a recently independent state heavily dependent on long-standing allies to a self-assured nation prepared to interact with the world on a number of fronts. Although traditional diplomacy established the groundwork, contemporary forms guarantee PNG's adaptability, relevance, and influence in a changing global environment. PNG's diplomatic style, which combines modernity and tradition, puts it in a unique position to negotiate the challenges of the twenty-first century.

Indoneisa issue

Indonesia revised its position on its border with Papua New Guinea in 1978, which resulted in the implementation of more accommodating policies for the people living in Irian, particularly the OPM's armed insurgents. This essay seeks to comprehend the thinking behind Jakarta's policy change, as well as the likely ramifications for Papua New Guinea and the future prospects of this strategy.

Before 1978, the border problems had been becoming worse from Indonesia's point of view. Jakarta thought that the main source of the problem was on the other side of the border, in Papua New Guinea. The 1973 border agreement between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea was formally ratified, but border restrictions never worked.Due to this laxity, OPM insurgents were able to freely cross the border, establish bases in Papua New Guinea, and create networks for intelligence and communication. They were considerably helped by these actions in their attempts to oppose Indonesian forces and facilities. Aside from these border issues, Papua New Guinea was unable or unwilling to cooperate with Indonesia's requests to limit the political activities of Irianese residing in Papua New Guinea or to repatriate political asylum seekers.

Bridging the Belt and Road Initiative in Papua New Guinea

Following Papua New Guinea's (PNG) decision to join China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), concerns regarding China's economic intentions and long-term viability in the Pacific have resurfaced. PNG's decision to become one of the first countries in the Pacific to join the BRI highlights the strengthening ties that are developing between China and the Pacific Island countries (PICs). Recent rumours that China was building a military installation in Vanuatu gave rise to fears; both countries denied the claims. Although nations such as Australia, which has historically provided aid to the Pacific, view China's efforts as attempts to exert control over the region, it is possible that Australia's own objectives for the Pacific are related to a "rules-based global order." The prevailing narrative, which is shaped by the 'China threat' viewpoint, presents the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as a single, cohesive plan whose main goal is to use partner countries to leverage China's gains in markets, resources, and vital infrastructure. Certain PICs may become increasingly vulnerable to China's influence due to the debts linked with Chinese infrastructure projects, according to certain research, including a well-known report from Harvard University. PICs are often viewed in this way as merely pieces in China's strategic game.

US and Papua New Guinea to sign security agreement amid China concerns

In the Pacific, Papua New Guinea (PNG) is at the centre of a growing geopolitical rivalry. Its rich resources, strategic location close to major trade routes to Australia and Japan, and sovereignty over significant oceans make it a crucial player in the region's larger geopolitical chessboard.

Strategic Location and the China Factor: Major international powers, particularly the US, China, and India, are interested in Papua New Guinea because to its proximity to important trade routes and its significance in the Pacific. China's growing financial incentives and diplomatic outreach to minor Pacific nations have caused alarm in New Delhi as well as Washington. China's expanding influence is demonstrated by the security deal that Beijing and the Solomon Islands signed last year; this has undoubtedly led the US to fortify its relations with other Pacific countries, notably PNG.
The US's Rekindled Interest in PNG: Washington's determination to bolster its influence in the Pacific is demonstrated by the planned defence cooperation pact between Washington and PNG. The agreement seeks to strengthen regional security, improve the capabilities of the PNG Defence Force, and offset China's expanding influence by granting US forces access to PNG's ports and airports. PNG's concerns about "illegal activities on the high sea" are highlighted by the reciprocal arrangement, which grants PNG access to US satellite surveillance. It also highlights the mutual benefits of the partnership.
Diplomatic Engagements: The significance of Papua New Guinea in current geopolitics is highlighted by the fact that both Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and US Secretary of State Antony Blinken are holding discussions there. This demonstrates how PNG is starting to take centre stage in diplomatic dealings involving the Pacific.
The Sentimental Connection: The US-PNG relationship has a sentimental element when it is mentioned that President Joe Biden has a personal connection to PNG because his uncle died there during World War II. But this relationship is unquestionably overshadowed by geopolitical and strategic considerations.
The Changing View of Papua New Guinea:

Previously considered a "sleepy outpost," PNG has surged to the forefront of international diplomacy in the Pacific due to the present geopolitical realities. The US's decision to sign a defence agreement with PNG demonstrates the country's rising status, as it does so both for territorial security and as a response to China's growing influence in the Pacific.

Using Diplomacy for Papua New Guinea's Benefit and Minimizing Conflict

International relations have traditionally been based on diplomacy, which allows countries to interact, negotiate, and settle disputes amicably. Effective diplomacy is crucial for Papua New Guinea (PNG), a country at a strategic crossroads, to protect its interests and negotiate shifting geopolitical factors. PNG may use these essential diplomatic concepts and techniques to maximise the benefits of diplomacy while minimising conflict, thanks to the illumination provided by this literature review.

The significance of discussion and negotiation in international relations is emphasised by Nicholson's definition of diplomacy as a nonviolent way to further national objectives. PNG can use this idea in its diplomacy to encourage amicable relationships.

Nye established the idea of "Soft Power," which prioritises persuasion and appeal over coercion. This entails using PNG's rich cultural legacy to promote compassion and understanding amongst people. Additionally, by promoting its culture, PNG can foster cooperation and lessen miscommunication by implementing Cummings' suggestion of cultural diplomacy.

Hamilton and Langhorne espouse the value of multilateral diplomacy, which is especially beneficial for smaller states such as PNG. Engaging in proactive engagement in regional organisations, like the Pacific Islands Forum, can bolster Papua New Guinea's diplomatic standing and open doors for resolving disputes.

Because PNG is resource-rich, resource diplomacy which draws inspiration from Wenping's research on Africa-China relations is relevant to the country. PNG can emphasise agreements that will benefit both parties in order to reduce the likelihood of violence by using its resources as diplomatic and development tools.

The importance of proactive conflict resolution is highlighted by Bercovitch's emphasis on mediation. By taking the lead in regional mediation initiatives, PNG can raise its profile internationally and promote peace in the area.

Strategic Use of Soft Power: To foster understanding between parties and proactively resolve possible problems through non-confrontational methods, PNG should make use of soft power instruments like cultural festivals and tourism.

Active Multilateral Participation: Making active participation in regional and global forums a priority will strengthen PNG's standing internationally while also provide platforms for the resolution of conflicts.

Resource Management: In order to reduce the likelihood of disputes arising from resource management, PNG must guarantee transparent and sustainable resource utilisation and base agreements on mutual benefit.

Proactive Mediation: PNG can position itself as a regional leader and peacemaker and aid in the prevention and resolution of conflicts by offering to mediate disputes within the area. By utilising these ideas and tactics in its diplomatic operations, PNG can effectively safeguard its interests, forge solid international ties, and contribute significantly to regional and international peace initiatives.

Recommendation

Stress the solidarity of the Pacific:

As one of the bigger Pacific Island countries, Papua New Guinea ought to be proactive in regional organisations such as the Pacific Islands Forum. This emphasises how crucial unity and group decision-making are for the Pacific. The Pacific nations' ongoing cooperation demonstrates the diplomatic engagements that are still very much in use today.

Draw attention to and amplify bilateral agreements:

PNG ought to keep announcing and commemorating the signing of fresh bilateral agreements and Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs). This is indicative of growing international contacts as well as the active state of diplomacy.

PNG's intention and faith in conventional diplomacy would be further cemented by active participation in the establishment of more embassies and consulates in strategically important nations.

Encourage Multicultural Diplomacy

PNG's diverse cultural legacy might be an asset in its diplomatic toolbox. PNG's soft power approach to diplomacy can be emphasised by planning festivals, events, and cultural exchange programmes. This will showcase PNG's distinctive and active role in international diplomacy.

Place A Focus on Economic Diplomacy

It is important to draw attention to the growing number of trade agreements and economic alliances. PNG shows that it is not only preserving but also extending its diplomatic contacts for the benefit of all parties concerned by promoting economic links.

Proceed with Peacekeeping and Mediation:

PNG ought to think about lending its assistance in arbitrating conflicts in the region and taking an active role in peacekeeping operations. These positions demonstrate PNG's proactive involvement in preserving peace and security in the area and strengthen its diplomatic standing.

Invest in Infrastructure and Diplomatic Training:

Establishing diplomatic academies and allocating funds for their training can strengthen a country's diplomacy efforts. This expenditure is evidence of the continued value that is placed on diplomacy.

Promote Interaction between Academics and Civil Society:

PNG should encourage a climate in which think tanks, academia, and members of the public discourse on foreign policy. Their publications, seminars, and workshops can be used as forums to make the argument for why PNG's diplomatic efforts are still important.

Conclusion

Conclusively, this study has provided a clear reflection of foriegn policy interactions as well as different terminologies that are associated with the civil society. The importance and promogulation of diplomatic training infrastrucutre have been highlighted in the study with respect to Papua New Guinea. The term diplomacy has been clearly defined in the study as well as its relevance with respect to international relations have also been reciprocated in the study. Several implications that are prescribed by the United Nations (UN) have also been reflected in the study and its relevance to the restore the compliance of diplomatic implications with PNG. Therefore, it could be stated that a coherent analysis of diplomatic terminologies have been reflected in the study in broad spectrum.

PPT

Introduction

Diplomacy is the practice of managing relations between nations through negotiation, representation, and dialogue (Trager, 2016).
PNG is a member of numerous international organisations, including the Pacific Islands Forum, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the United Nations.
In order to manage trade connections, draw in foreign investment, and negotiate economic alliances, diplomacy is essential.

Analysis

The aforementioned slide has displayed that PNG is situated in the South Pacific region, which presents several difficulties such as resource management, climate change, and regional security.Working together on these concerns with the surrounding Pacific Island nations requires diplomacy. PNG has always placed a strong emphasis on respecting each other's sovereignty and preventing participation in the domestic problems of other nations. This is a result of its dedication to the values found in the United Nations Charter.

Thesis Statement

"Papua New Guinea's foreign policy, rooted in principles of sovereignty, regionalism, economic cooperation,
Moreover, multilateralism, underscores the enduring significance and relevance of diplomacy in navigating its relationships.
Promotion of national interests, and addressing broader regional and global challenges.

Analysis

PNG has always placed a high priority on its relations with Indonesia, its immediate neighbours, and other significant countries in the Asia-Pacific area, including China, Japan, and the United States. Australia was PNG's former colonial master. These ideas are emphasised in PNG's Foreign Policy Statements, which are detailed in a number of official publications and statements made by the country's leaders. The nation has made official documents outlining its foreign policy strategy available throughout time.

Definition

The promotion of or stress on the issues, traits, and interests of a particular geographic area, frequently placing them above more general issues facing the country.
The practise of forging alliances or cooperative efforts among neighbouring countries based on shared geographical, economic, or cultural ties.
In addition, cultural ties is sometimes referred to as regionalism in international relations (Awosusi and Lenn, 2019).

Analysis

"Papua New Guinea's foreign policy, rooted in principles of sovereignty, regionalism, economic cooperation, and multilateralism.The promotion of or stress on the issues, traits, and interests of a particular geographic area, frequently placing them above more general issues facing the country or the world. The practise of forging alliances or cooperative efforts among neighbouring countries based on shared geographical, economic, or cultural ties is sometimes referred to as regionalism in international relations

Foriegn Policy

The collection of tactics, values, and behaviours that a nation uses in its dealings with other countries; includes diplomatic, economic, military, and cultural factors.
It guides a nation's decisions and behaviors in the international arena and reflects its goals.
The nation has made official documents outlining its foreign policy strategy available throughout time; these documents shed light on the nation's diplomatic priorities (Beacháin and Coene, 2014).

Analysis

The collection of tactics, values, and behaviours that a nation uses in its dealings with other countries; includes diplomatic, economic, military, and cultural factors. It guides a nation's decisions and behaviors in the international arena and reflects its goals. The nation has made official documents outlining its foreign policy strategy available throughout time; these documents shed light on the nation's diplomatic priorities

Problem Statement

For Papua New Guinea (PNG), navigating the heightened geopolitical tensions in the Pacific is becoming a more difficult task.
PNG is more than just a geographical connection—its strategic location between East and West makes it a key player in the shifting dynamics of the global power struggle.
PNG's economic prospects are linked to its diplomatic strategies because of its strong economy (Nt, 2021).

Analysis

Economic connections to important nations like China, Australia, and the United States. Furthermore, because it has a voice in regional organisations like the Pacific Islands Forum, its decisions have an impact on the whole regional strategy, highlighting the necessity of a well-rounded and thoughtful plan. PNG faces opportunities and problems as a result of the interaction between its new relationships and its historical ties

Papua New Guinea's Diverse Diplomatic Engagements

Papua New Guinea (PNG) has taken substantial steps in the last few years to broaden its diplomatic ties, using a multimodal strategy that goes beyond conventional ways (Beaumont, 2016).
This all-encompassing engagement includes public diplomacy, sports diplomacy, cultural diplomacy, health diplomacy, and military diplomacy.
Each of which contributes in a different way to strengthening PNG's standing internationally.

Analysis

Military Diplomacy

PNG now uses military diplomacy as a vital instrument for maintaining and strengthening its security partnerships.
Although PNG has historically relied on Australia for defence assistance, in recent years, PNG has engaged in joint exercises, military exchanges, and training programmes with other regional nations.
These interactions not only strengthen PNG's defence capabilities but also act as a means of fostering mutual trust and stability in the area with its neighbours (Firth, 2014).

Analysis

Public Diplomacy

In the age of information, public diplomacy has become indispensable. For PNG, this involves shaping global perceptions about the nation through media.
By showcasing its democratic governance, economic potential, and efforts in environmental conservation (Kuitenbrouwer, 2016).
PNG is creating a narrative that attracts tourism, foreign investment, and international goodwill.

Analysis

The Evolution of Diplomacy in Papua New Guinea

Since gaining independence in 1975, Papua New Guinea (PNG) has seen a considerable shift in its diplomatic approaches.
PNG's diplomatic practises, which are based on its rich cultural legacy and customs of inter-tribal dialogue and peacemaking, have developed over time (Firth, 2014).
PNG's historical links, geographic position, and post-colonial heritage all played major roles in shaping diplomacy throughout the early years of the country's international relations.

Analysis

PNG's historical links, geographic position, and post-colonial heritage all played major roles in shaping diplomacy throughout the early years of the country's international relations. Since gaining independence in 1975, Papua New Guinea (PNG) has seen a considerable shift in its diplomatic approaches. PNG's diplomatic practises, which are based on its rich cultural legacy and customs of inter-tribal dialogue and peacemaking, have developed over time.

Indonesia Issue

Indonesia revised its position on its border with Papua New Guinea in 1978, which resulted in the implementation of more accommodating policies for the people living in Irian
Before 1978, the border problems had been becoming worse from Indonesia's point of view. Jakarta thought that the main source of the problem was on the other side of the border.
The 1973 border agreement between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea was formally ratified (Windybank and Manning, 2003).

Analysis

The 1973 border agreement between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea was formally ratified, but border restrictions never worked.Due to this laxity, OPM insurgents were able to freely cross the border, establish bases in Papua New Guinea, and create networks for intelligence and communication. They were considerably helped by these actions in their attempts to oppose Indonesian forces and facilities.

Bridging the Belt and Road Initiative in Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea's (PNG) decision to join China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), concerns regarding China's economic intentions (Beaumont, 2016).
Moreover, long-term viability in the Pacific have resurfaced. PNG's decision to become one of the first countries in the Pacific to join the BRI.
It highlights the strengthening ties that are developing between China and the Pacific Island countries (PICs).

Analysis

Recent rumours that China was building a military installation in Vanuatu gave rise to fears; both countries denied the claims. Although nations such as Australia, which has historically provided aid to the Pacific, view China's efforts as attempts to exert control over the region, it is possible that Australia's own objectives for the Pacific are related to a "rules-based global order.

US and Papua New Guinea to sign security agreement amid China concerns

In the Pacific, Papua New Guinea (PNG) is at the centre of a growing geopolitical rivalry. Its rich resources,
Strategic Location and the China Factor Major international powers, particularly the US, China, and India, are interested in Papua New Guinea (Kuitenbrouwer, 2016).
Major trade routes to Australia and Japan, and sovereignty over significant oceans make it a crucial player in the region's larger geopolitical chessboard.

Analysis

China's growing financial incentives and diplomatic outreach to minor Pacific nations.PNG is a member of many international organisations and strongly believes in multilateral diplomacy. It views multilateralism as a means of addressing global issues and advancing development, security, and peace. PNG has always placed a high priority on its relations with Indonesia, its immediate neighbours, and other significant countries in the Asia-Pacific area, including China, Japan, and the United States. Australia was PNG's former colonial master.

Using Diplomacy for Papua New Guinea's Benefit and Minimizing Conflict

International relations have traditionally been based on diplomacy, which allows countries to interact, negotiate, and settle disputes amicably.
Effective diplomacy is crucial for Papua New Guinea (PNG), a country at a strategic crossroads, to protect its interests and negotiate shifting geopolitical factors (Rulli et al., 2019)..
PNG may use these essential diplomatic concepts and techniques to maximise the benefits of diplomacy while minimising conflict.

Analysis

PNG wants to increase commerce, draw in international investment, and expand its economic connectionsIt with other countries are looking for nations looking to export energy, minerals, and agricultural goods. PNG is a member of many international organisations and strongly believes in multilateral diplomacy. It views multilateralism as a means of addressing global issues and advancing development, security.

Recommendations

As one of the bigger Pacific Island countries, Papua New Guinea ought to be proactive in regional organisations such as the Pacific Islands Forum.
PNG ought to keep announcing and commemorating the signing of fresh bilateral agreements and Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) (Rulli et al., 2019)..
PNG's diverse cultural legacy might be an asset in its diplomatic toolbox. PNG's soft power approach to diplomacy can be emphasised by planning festivals.

Analysis

Conclusion

Conclusively, this study has provided a clear reflection of foriegn policy interactions as well as different terminologies that are associated with the civil society.
The importance and promogulation of diplomatic training infrastrucutre have been highlighted in the study with respect to Papua New Guinea.

Analysis

The term diplomacy has been clearly defined in the study as well as its relevance with respect to international relations have also been reciprocated in the study. Several implications that are prescribed by the United Nations (UN) have also been reflected in the study and its relevance to the restore the compliance of diplomatic implications with PNG.

References

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