Introduction

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The leadership skills are about inspiring, guiding, motivating and directing large number of peoples group at one place to achieve the objective of organization. Management skill includes planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling the processes of organization. To develop the leadership and management skills, one need to understand the strengths and weaknesses of own to make changes. The Lowry hotel is an independent luxury boutique hotel, situated in Manchester, United Kingdom near by the banks of the Irwell River, has been selected for the current report. The hotel offers shopping areas, transportation facilities, cultural desirability and well decorated rooms with modern as well as traditional touch. The restaurant is majorly popular for its international cuisine and meals, seasonal menus for food and contemporary and modern design style. The report will discuss about the extent to which Psychodynamic approach of leadership seems effectual. The report will highlight the effectiveness of this approach and its impact on the overall performance of Lowry hotel. Report will also shed light on the indicators associated with employee and organizational distress. Further, it also entails alternative leadership approach which helps in creating motivated workforce.

Assessing the impact of Psychodynamic approach to leadership on organization's performance

The psychodynamic approach impact the overall performance of an organization by its internal and mental factors. The factors are leadership and staff development, guest satisfaction, interpersonal dynamics, conflict resolution, positive workplace culture and unique experiences (Guzmán, et. al, 2020). The psychodynamic method of approach to leadership has its roots in psychology, the method tells about leadership process with the viewpoint of an individual person and groups. The role of psychodynamic approach to leadership in a boutique luxury hotel is very important in understanding motivations, improving guest experiences and personal dynamics as well. The purpose of this psychodynamic approach is to learn the different styles of management and how to apply them. Hence, psychodynamic approach is come with some effectiveness and challenges both. The hotel management has to compare the significant differences of both to consider the final result for the betterment of their hotel. To choose the best for hotel staff and its resources, we can take some examples to figure out the psychodynamic approach. They can enhance the productivity and experiences of guests by understanding their needs, interests, emotions as well as motivation helps staff in providing better services.

This approach is effective in case of enhancing guest experiences of hotel, for example, understanding of guest emotions and motivation factor can help in providing better services to guests and ensure their experience (Chon and Zoltan, 2019). It provides positive feedbacks, good deals, and high satisfaction. Hotel improves the morality of staff members by giving more value and satisfaction towards work and help in providing positive as well as peaceful environment at workplace. For example, Lowry is facing some problems regarding its safety so they decide to cut the corners and save costs for ensuring safety of hotel. The psychodynamic approach helps management to recognize the financial pressures that affect the decisions of hotel. They are focusing on prioritizing the safety of hotel over its costs. Hotel unit solves the conflicts of staff members and management by various approaches and handle the issue of negative feedbacks & experiences of guests (Foxcroft and Høgsbjerg, 2022). For example, if a receptionist of Lowry has to deal with a diplomatic guest, a Psychodynamic approach helps them to be aware of their emotional and motivational responses. The receptionist can provide a better customer service by understand the unconscious reactions of guests and also maintain the hotel reputation.

Psychodynamic approach encourages emotional intelligence in staff members to handle stressful situations and guests experiences in hotel. For example, Hotel manager who use the psychodynamic approach method to solve conflicts between the staff members of different departments by understanding and managing the needs & wants, emotions and motivation factor of employees (Karatepe, Aboramadan and Dahleez, 2020). The manager is focusing on creating a positive environment for staff and increase the ability of teamwork between them. Hotel is devoted to make moments in memorable experiences for guests. For example, In order to make memorable memories they give this responsibility to those staff members who are good in understanding the micro preferences, interest and desire of guests.

On the other hand, the psychodynamic approach also gives some impacts on the performance of Lowry hotel (Petriglieri and Petriglieri, 2020). The approach takes very high costs for implementation in hotel, due to high investment on training and resources it is not worth. For example, Hotel authority invests more funds in the development of employee skills, training programs for knowledge obtaining, and health therapy sessions. It impacts the overall performance of hotel by its cost spending power. Some staff members cannot adapt the change fastly because of their persistent nature of working and it is difficult and challenging for them. For example, Employees who feel not valued or have a very low salary can affect their job performance. They experience stress, low satisfaction and less motivation from their superiors. These feelings can disrupt them from inside and their behavior (Kutila, et. al. 2022). It affects the hotel performance and quality of its resources.

Psychodynamic approach is time consuming; it consumes so much time of staff members and distracts them from their initial tasks. For example, Psychodynamic process includes long training sessions and spending so much time on staff members can be wasting of efforts and affect the performance of hotel activities. The approach is not suitable for all staff members and every situation that occurs in hotel because some situation needs different responses in a practical way. For example, When a hotel supervisor addresses a problem only few staff members deal with this problem. Lack of ability to adapt new things, unclarity of goals can impact the overall performance of hotel.

Defining potential warning signs related to employee and organizational distress

The understanding of emotional, motivational and psychological well-being of employees is important to identify in the psychodynamic approach. It can affect the overall performance of hotel and their internal dynamics. There are so many potential warning signs that management should aware of in their business and it can be a reason of organizational distress. These warning signs can impact the overall performance of organization by its existence. The issue is increasing the conflicts and tension between employees of hotel business (Ladkin and Patrick, 2022). For example, the employees of a hotel, both are team mates and work good together, they suddenly start arguing because of some reason and now avoiding each other, this reason of conflict can underlying the organizational distress and affect their performance of working.

Lowry hotel should follow psychodynamic approach to create a very open and supportive environment for employees to deal easily with new guests and other peoples. Supportive environment encourages for honest behavior and communication, showing underlying distresses and conflicts and provide opportunities for staff members that can help in their career advancement. It also focuses on the growth and development of employees (Bakker, et. al, 2022).

By understanding of their psychological factor it can improve their performance. Providing accurate training sessions to employees lead to high potentiality. In the absence of this, it can reduce the quality and quantity of employees and produced work. For instance, There is an increase in absence of staff members of Lowry hotel by psychological and organizational distress. The underlying psychological distress, discomfort, stress and anxiety related to Lowry hotel work environment can create conflicts and due to that reason the turnover of employee increases and employees take more leaves as compare to earlier. Employees absenteeism is mostly happens due to some issues like stress, depression of work, social anxiety, dissatisfaction from job, cultural discomfort. The management can decrease this issue by conducting more surveys for employees, focus on doing open communication at workplace, supporting their physical and mental health issues (Weinberg, Seery and Plakun, 2019). Due to impact of psychodynamic approach on Lowry hotel, it can affect the employee's nature by changes their communication patterns, such as becoming overemotional and sometimes showing no emotions.

These patterns underlying certain psychological issues and causes can lead to emotional distress or organizational distress. Suddenly they increased gossips with other staff members to manage their emotions and understand the secret dynamics of workplace. Employees reduces their transparency level with organization it shows their down interest in organization activities and low trust level. If the link of communication gets break between different departments of Lowry hotel, it can create misunderstandings or develop a sense of conflicts (Siangchokyoo, Klinger and Campion, 2020). To manage this distress of hotel, management should understand the emotional and personal dynamics of employees. Management should focus on creating a secure environment where employees feel safe and express their issues and concerns easily.

To understand the increase in turnover rates of employees concern some issue that can affect organizational distress in psychodynamic approach. High turnover can happen because of unsolved conflicts with other staff, tensions of hotel work. The conflict can be done between management & staff or management and their teams (Baquero, 2022). The other reason could be the interpersonal dynamics and job environment, due to environment discomfort or bad management practices employees can be dissatisfied with their work. Employees sometimes suppress or hide their emotions related to work environment of Lowry hotel that can affect the organizational distress of psychodynamic approach.

For example, In the context of Lowry, employees face increasing of health and mental issues such as headache, dizziness, weakness and other problems. They also face high blood pressure situations, high demanding of guests and long duration working hours. This can lead to organizational distress that impact their body and health. Psychodynamic approach affects organizational distress by lacking the ability of creative thinking and thinking new ideas. Further, lack of creative environment may result into employees feel pressure pertaining to compliance with strict rules & schedules and high expectations with organization.

To established procedures and protocols to maintain quality of resources of the hotel they will need employees. The fear of big risk in this process can spoil their creative thinking. Employees are feeling afraid to tell new ideas or concepts to management because of fear and uncertainty of job (Baquero, 2023). For example, the energetic employees of food department in hotel, suddenly change their behavior and ignore deadlines of tasks and show very less interest in job. The decline in their performances can be a sign of organizational distress that affect his motivation and emotions. The loyal employees of hotel staff, nowadays taking their responsibility very lightly which leads to unnecessary leaves without giving notice to authority which can affect their image in front of management. In a very short period, the management see a decrease in employee satisfaction because of the undesirable work environment. Employees leave organization and the rate of turnover increases day by day, it can affect the organizational distress and job satisfaction of employees at workplace.

Presenting the most suitable leadership or alternative approach in the context of chosen organization

Psychodynamic approach to leadership focuses on understanding the emotions of employees, interpersonal dynamics of organization and unconscious process. A suitable or best leadership style for Lowry hotel is transformational leadership style. In this style, they are focusing on educating and motivating the employees of hotel to increase their expectations level. They tell the mission and vision of hotel to every employee and create a sense of purpose and devotion among employees. The approach fits well with the psychodynamic approach and help in addressing emotional and motivational aspects of each employee's attitude and behavior. By implementing this approach in hotel, leaders or seniors can develop an environment that is suitable for anyone and understanding of psychological and emotional parts of employee's behavior, attitude and organizational dynamics (Ma, Ren and Zhao, 2021). The approach can give benefit to Lowry hotel by motivating their staff members, engaging them with several responsibilities and authorities create emotionally intelligent groups and help in improving guest experiences and the overall productivity of the hotel. This approach takes care of every aspect that is a part of hotel management and can destroy their operations easily.

Transformational leadership is a good style of approach for implementing in Lowry hotel, can be beneficial by following certain perspectives of psychodynamic approach. Transformational leaders inspire their employees to follow the vision of hotel to achieve the organizational goal (Park and Kim, 2021). The inspiration helps in achieving productivity by doing efforts and maximizes the guest experiences of hotel. They ask their employees to set clear aims for working and help in giving direction to reach goal soon. A clear picture of vision shows the future of hotel to employees and objectives for organization.

The transformational leaders always have high intelligence for emotions which control their and their team member's emotions so as not to get distracted. The understanding of emotions is important to understand the behavior of employees and their personal dynamics. Transformational leader promotes open communication in Lowry hotel because they think communication is the key to success. Communication helps in solve the conflicts and issues between staff and management. Hotel tells that transparency and honesty, the two elements should be present in communication to balance the situation. The open environment of communication encourages trust and respect for culture that is helpful in finding issues and problems of staff members. For example, a hotel manager creates a vision for hotel, to emphasize the importance of customer service and create a positive environment to create unique guest experience. The vision inspires the employees to work with a common goal. Hotel Encourage their employees to think creatively and developing their thoughts to generate new ideas. Transformation leader give emotional support to their employees to give a feeling of care and value.

Transformational leadership approach focuses on providing a desirable platform for employees where they can share their thoughts and concerns to management regarding any issue within hotel. Communication can improve the doubts of staff and satisfies them with good responses. Effective communication can boost the performance of organization and give clarity of activities to perform in hotel. The alignment of psychodynamic approach to psychological safety for employees to understand the unconscious process and emotions related to their personal dynamics (Rondoni, Asioli and Millan, 2020). The transformational leaders are flexible in nature and they easily adapt new things for the well-being of hotel and their employees. Leaders can change their strategies as per the order of adjustment from higher authority. Leaders of Lowry hotel, support the overall development of their employees by providing efficient training to them. The personal and professional development includes giving education facilities like coaching, mentoring, finding motivations of employees and strengths and weaknesses.

For instance, taking care of their needs and wants, interests and emotions, personal dynamics help in serving employees. The Lowry hotel management conducts reward and recognition programs for employee's development. They check the performances of each staff members and based on their performances they will select the best employee and provide good benefits to them like bonuses, increment, promotions, trainings etc. the benefits they give to employee are measuring on the basis of employee contribution to hotel.

Conclusion

By summing up this report, it has been articulated that psychodynamic approach lays more focus on past experiences, feeling as well as emotions of self and others. On the basis of this, it can be entailed that leaders are aware from own and other's personality traits. Further, it has been articulated that psychodynamic approach has significant impact on Lowry's performance. It can be seen in the report that transformational leadership will positively contribute in the organizational growth and success. By developing innovative business arena firm can gain competitive edge.

References

Books and Journals

• Bakker, A.B., Hetland, J., Olsen, O.K. and Espevik, R., 2022. Daily transformational leadership: A source of inspiration for follower performance?. European Management Journal.
• Baquero, A., 2022. Job insecurity and intention to quit: the role of psychological distress and resistance to change in the UAE hotel industry. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(20), p.13629.
• Baquero, A., 2023. Hotel employees' burnout and intention to quit: the role of psychological distress and financial well-being in a moderation mediation model. Behavioral Sciences, 13(2), p.84.
• Chon, K.K.S. and Zoltan, J., 2019. Role of servant leadership in contemporary hospitality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(8), pp.3371-3394.
• Foxcroft, N.H. and Høgsbjerg, C., 2022. The Alfred H. Mendes–Malcolm Lowry Connection. University of Toronto Quarterly, 91(2), pp.78-103.
• Guzmán, V.E., Muschard, B., Gerolamo, M., Kohl, H. and Rozenfeld, H., 2020. Characteristics and Skills of Leadership in the Context of Industry 4.0. Procedia Manufacturing, 43, pp.543-550.
• Karatepe, O.M., Aboramadan, M. and Dahleez, K.A., 2020. Does climate for creativity mediate the impact of servant leadership on management innovation and innovative behavior in the hotel industry?. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(8), pp.2497-2517.
• Ladkin, D. and Patrick, C.B., 2022. Whiteness in leadership theorizing: A critical analysis of race in Bass' transformational leadership theory. Leadership, 18(2), pp.205-223.
• Ma, C., Ren, L. and Zhao, J., 2021. Coping with stress: How hotel employees fight to work. Sustainability, 13(19), p.10887.
• Park, K.H. and Kim, D.K., 2021. Understanding the relationships among emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and emotional intelligence of hotel front desk employees. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(5), pp.504-515.
• Petriglieri, G. and Petriglieri, J.L., 2020. The return of the oppressed: A systems psychodynamic approach to organization studies. Academy of Management Annals, 14(1), pp.411-449.
• Rondoni, A., Asioli, D. and Millan, E., 2020. Consumer behaviour, perceptions, and preferences towards eggs: A review of the literature and discussion of industry implications. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 106, pp.391-401.
• Siangchokyoo, N., Klinger, R.L. and Campion, E.D., 2020. Follower transformation as the linchpin of transformational leadership theory: A systematic review and future research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 31(1), p.101341.
• Weinberg, E., Seery, E. and Plakun, E.M., 2019. A Psychodynamic Approach to Treatment Resistance. Treatment Resistance in Psychiatry: Risk Factors, Biology, and Management, pp.295-310.

Online

• THE LOWRY HOTEL, 2023. Online. Available through. :< https://www.thelowryhotel.com/>