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Introduction - Business Decision Making
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1. Profit and loss statement and Balance sheet:
Trading and P&L account |
||||
Particular |
Amount |
Particular |
Amount |
|
To opening stock |
18310 |
By sales |
290500 |
|
To purchase |
157443 |
By closing stock |
25550 |
|
To gross profit |
140297 |
|||
316050 |
316050 |
|||
To advertisement |
5478 |
By gorss profit |
140297 |
|
To insurance |
9306 |
|||
Less: prepaid |
-850 |
8456 |
||
To rent and rates |
18612 |
|||
Less: prepaid |
-4482 |
14130 |
||
To heating & Lighting |
11013 |
|||
Add: |
2210 |
13223 |
||
To delivery cost |
10132 |
|||
Add: |
905 |
11037 |
||
To salary & wages |
41263 |
|||
To depreciation |
12584 |
|||
Add: current year |
10440 |
23024 |
||
Net profit |
23686 |
|||
140297 |
140297 |
(Teubner, 2012)
Balance sheet |
|||||
Liabilities |
Amount |
Amount |
Assets |
Amount |
|
Capital |
170600 |
Furniture |
153227 |
||
Add: Profit |
23686 |
less: Depreciation |
-66710 |
||
less: drawings |
-31288 |
162998 |
less: Current year |
-12584 |
73933 |
Trade payable |
31511 |
Motor vehicle |
182600 |
||
Outstanding Expenses |
3115 |
less: Depreciation |
-93500 |
||
Bank overdraft |
17900 |
less: Current year |
-10440 |
78660 |
|
Closing stock |
25550 |
||||
Trade receivables |
31099 |
||||
Prepaid |
5332 |
||||
cash in hand |
950 |
||||
Total |
215524 |
Total |
215524 |
2. Limitations of P&L and balance sheet:
P&L limitation:
- Accounting principle: According to the accounting principle the p&l revenue should be matched with the expenses but it is difficult to match.
- Fiscal Calendars: Companies compare the profit and loss accounts with other companies so that follow the fiscal calendar is difficult.
- It explains only profit situation not valuate the assets and liabilities of the company(Teubner, 2012).
Balance sheet limitation:
- Balance sheet prepared by the historical number basis.
- It work on the estimates.
- In the balance sheet Non- monetary assets are also included (Wouters et al, 2013).
Reference:
Teubner, G., (2012). Concepts, aspects, limits, solutions. Juridification of Social Spheres: A Comparative Analysis in the Areas ob Labor, Corporate, Antitrust and Social Welfare Law, 6, p.3.
Wouters, B., Bamber, J.L., Van den Broeke, M.R., Lenaerts, J.T.M. and Sasgen, I., (2013). Limits in detecting acceleration of ice sheet mass loss due to climate variability. Nature